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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

<p>We investigated the heavy rain disaster in July 2018 and the characteristics on geomorphic quantity of Oda river.</p>

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2019a.0_25

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

A map learning assuming a disaster evacuationwas carried out at the school grounds.&nbsp;

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2017a.0_100006

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We surveyed building damages and cracks of Mashiki town due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2017s.0_100007

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We studied on the the characteristics of damages caused by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and their factors for objective records.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2016a.0_100013

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2015s.0_100227

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2014s.0_100090

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2014s.0_100314

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We studied on the landform changes in a dissected valley of Mt. Takachihonomine after the 2011 Shinmoe-dake Eruption.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2014a.0_120

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We reported on the hedge damage caused by the tsunami and its progress in Sendai and Ishinomaki Plains.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2014s.0_100005

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

The terrace was divided into eight steps along Imo River, Chuetsu District. Imokawa3 terrace is covered with loam which contains bubble wall type volcanic glass and ortho-pyroxene. This tephra is identified with Ab-t1 reported along Aburuma River by Choi et al. (2002). UG tephra is detected on Imokawa1 terrace (equivalent to terrace Lf1 by Hataya et al. (2006)).On the other hand, the volcanic glass which can be identified as UG was detected in the layer on terrace Lf4 along Uono River with chemical composition analysis. The existence of As-K tephra in this layer was reported by Hataya et al. (2006).

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013s.0_96

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013a.0_100050

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013s.0_278

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We investigated on the characteristics of longitudinal profiles of landforms on Ooyodo River system.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013s.0_246

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

For considering the relation of the land use change and the disaster after the modernization of Fukuoka, we examined the point where land use change has influence to a river. The study area is Muromi River, Fukuoka. Four land use Maps were created from Meiji to the present. And we apply runoff coefficients to it. As a result, first, from Meiji to the present, the river flow rate is increasing in the river downstream region. Second, from Meiji to the early stages of Showa, the value of a rate of change in the upper reaches of river is big.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2012s.0_100203

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We carried out landform classification and investigated longitudinal profiles of the landforms on Ooita River using by 5mDEM.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2012s.0_100010

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We observed NDXI change maps and clarified distributuion patterns of them inside of embankment of Ooita river

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2012a.0_100005

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本地図学会  

DOI： 10.11212/jjca.49.Supplement_38

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

This paper was under taken in order to classify aerial photograph by using maximum likehood classification on GIS

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011f.0.100109.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Cartographers Association  

On a landslide caused by the 2009 Chugoku and Northern Kyushu Heavy Rainfall at Iizuka City, Fukuoka Pref., we developed a unique topographic measuring method by using TruPulse200: a ground-based laser rangefinder, carried out the measuring and discussed the results obtained from the calculated DEM.<br>In this study, we measured a horizontal distance between observation points, two horizontal distances from the two observation points to a measuring point and a vertical distance from an observation point to the measuring point by using the laser rangefinder. In addition, we measured an azimuth of a line joining the two observation points by using a geological compass. We reported that the coordinates (<i>x, y, z</i>) for the measuring points can be calculated by Excel from these measured values, and DEM can be interpolated from the coordinates of all points on the landslide by GIS.<br>In this measuring, the invisible problem yielded by woods or topographic relief can be solved by lowering the observed position and raising the reflector. The DEM of more realistic surface model can be acquired when we try to set the lines with the same interval and the measuring points almost evenly while giving priority to the intersection of a measuring line and break line.<br>By the DEM made by the measuring method, we can present the realistic landform model, estimate the process of the slope failure easy and calculate the approximate volume of it by analysis on geomorphic and geologic conditions.

DOI： 10.11212/jjca.49.4_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science  

This paper was under taken in order to classify aerial photograph by using maximum likehood classification on GIS. Results are as follows: 1)Classification of aerial photograph that composited LANDSAT/ETM data band4 was found to have higher the average of classification accuracy than aerial photograph of no composite. The improvement rate was 5%. 2) If the high resolution aerial photograph was used, such as residential district and track that is easy to mix pixel in low-resolution satellite was possible to classify it in higher accuracy.3) Appearance of urbanization by forest development and invasion of bamboo influenced by ground level environment to forest was able to be caught in detail by the overlay analysis between the ages in the land cover classification map. Therefore, this technique becomes one of the new methods of analyzing a remote sensing.

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis25.0_239

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

We investigated on useful area classification for the flood plain using by laser data in the middle reaches of the Naka River in Fukuoka Prefecture.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011f.0.100003.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011s.0.205.0

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Shinmoe-dake, one of a crater of Kirishima volcano, occured severe eruptions&nbsp;on&nbsp;Jan. 26-27 in 2011. The Tephra&nbsp;derived&nbsp;from&nbsp;this eruption,&nbsp;deposited eastern side of Kirishima&nbsp;Volcano, and&nbsp;formed a new tephra layer. The layer mainly conformed from pumice&nbsp;and more than 90%&nbsp;particle is larger than 1phai.&nbsp;The&nbsp;fine particle, smaller than 1phai has a tendency to increase southern side from the main tephra axis.<br>The Tephra layer shrunk slitly&nbsp;from&nbsp;Feb.6 to March 6, but add the thickness&nbsp;from March 6 to June 4 by bioturbation.&nbsp;This phenomena&nbsp;shows&nbsp;the soil formation process started&nbsp;in 4 month.<br>&nbsp;

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011f.0.100138.0

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Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

in Japanese

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011f.0.100144.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2010f.0.113.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本地図学会  

DOI： 10.11212/jjca.48.Supplement_42

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2010s.0.255.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2010f.0.114.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2009s.0.176.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2009s.0.218.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.200.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.199.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007f.0.93.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007s.0.176.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

In the lowlands under 10 meters in altitude, the northwestern part of Saga plain, we discussed that landforms and landuse changes by using topographic maps, and that relationship between creeks and surface ground by using geologic data. This study reveals that the distribution area of creeks overlaps with the greater part of the soft ground area. Creek is the important geomorphic element that can be estimated the condition of surface ground. Estimating the geology of surface ground by using landform data is an effective estimation method on the ground in the initial road planning at the lowland. The landform data is useful for us not only to reduce the cost for construction but also to use the material on communication in PI (Public Involvement).

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.46.341

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：地理科学学会  

DOI： 10.20630/chirikagaku.58.3_221_4

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DOI： 10.20630/chirikagaku.57.3_221_2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：自然災害研究協議会西部地区部会  

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2016a.0_100036

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：西南学院大学学術研究所  

ハワイ島は、西北西～東南東方向に配列する延長2,400km に及ぶハワイ列島の島嶼群の南東端に位置し、面積10,451k㎡の火山島である（Macdonald, G. A., Abbott, A. T. and Peterson, F. L., 1983）。ハワイ列島はホットスポット上に形成された火山島群から成り、ホットスポットの上に位置する太平洋プレートの等速的な移動の結果、点々と火山が連らなる島列を形成したものと考えられている。Dalrymple, G. B. ほか（1973）は、太平洋プレートの移動速度と火山岩の年代との関係を検討した結果、太平洋プレートの西北西方向のほぼ直線的かつ等速的な移動を、マントル深部に位置するホットスポット仮説で説明できると考えた。現在はハワイ島周辺で溶岩流出が活発であり、この事実は、一般的には、ハワイ島下方のマントル深部に位置すると推定されるHawaiian Hot Spot の存在で説明されることが多い。Dalrymple らが現在のHawaiian Hot Spot の真上に形成されている火山としたハワイ島のキラウェア火山は、中心火口であるキラウェアカルデラと、その東方に延びるイーストリフトゾーン（East Rift Zone）で最近も度々噴火を繰り返しており、溶岩流の噴出年代が特定されている数時期の溶岩流を噴出しているほか、現在も継続的に溶岩を流出する活動を継続中である。ここでは、溶岩流地帯の土地条件の変化過程の自然的特徴について解析する目的で、西南学院大学研究助成制度「湿潤熱帯地域における火山等自然災害後の土地条件変化に関する研究」の助成を受けて、２０１５年３月１日～６日に実施したハワイ島イーストリフトゾーンの現地調査について報告し、特に溶岩流地帯に植生が侵入するプロセスについて、現地調査で明らかになった点を中心に報告する。なお、主たる調査地域は、ハワイ島東南部プナ（Puna）地区のパホア（Pahoa）からカイム（Kaimu）（Kalapana 付近）までの州道１３０号線、カイムからカポホ（Kapoho）までの１３７号線、カポホ（Kapoho）（Kumukahi 岬付近）からパホアまでの１３２号線の沿道を中心とした地域周辺である。

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The debris flow disaster occurred at Hiroshima city at August 20, 2014, where 74 lives were lost. Because Hiroshima city has lots of sediment disasters from before, their sense of impending crisis has been strong. Actually Japanese government has enacted "Sediment Disasters Prevention Act" learned from the past disaster at Hiroshima city. We have conducted some field surveys, and have grasped from various angels a character of the debris flow disaster occurred at Hiroshima city. To summarise, we have investigated about the future task for regional disaster prevention.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

&emsp;We researched geomorphic quantities on micro landforms at our study area damaged by overland flood due to the typhoon no.0514 in the Miyazaki Plain. Many micro landforms can be classified in the downstream area of Ooyodo River and Honjo River. The study area adjacent to both rivers was classified into the landforms such as dike, slightly elevated area, lowland and river bed from the interpretation of shade maps made by 5mDEM. The geomorphic quantities of the landforms are average height and relative height to water level calculated by using 5mDEM. The characteristics of the longitudinal profiles on both geomorphic quantities were discussed.<br>&emsp;In the profiles, some sections become convex curve caused by aggradations in elevation of micro landforms. The form of convex curves in the profiles on relative height is clearer than that in the profiles on average height. In the profiles on relative height, we can identify large convex curves with approximately 5 km wavelength and small ones with approximately 1 km wavelength. The areas with the maximum value in the large convex curves are close to the river mouth to the main river and the sea, the flection of the rivers, and the bottleneck section. Such areas in the small convex curves are close to the confluence of tributaries. Such areas of the landforms outside of the dike are located downstream those of the landforms inside of the dike. At the areas, it is considered that water velocity decreases, sediment accumulates, and flood level is easy to go up. In the inundated area, the relative height of landforms increases outside of the dike and it decreases inside of the dike. In the non-inundated area, the height of them decreases outside of the dike and it increases inside of the dike. Therefore, the relative height difference between lowland and river bed from the each profiles, we can distinguish the sections where are easy to be inundated by overland flood and where are hard to be inundated.<br>&emsp;Consequently, in this study, we clarified that it is easy for us to recognize the vulnerable area for inundation from the analysis of geomorphic quantities on micro landforms.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.55.307

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用地質学会  

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We observed&nbsp;various&nbsp;landform images based on 50cmDEM in Hiroshima disaster area.

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2015s.0_100014

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DOI： 10.5026/jgeography.123.48

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1141/00111683/

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

In this study, we discussed on the characteristics of landform and its change in Uminonakamichi, Fukuoka Prefecture from the elevation change estimated by the laser data in 2002 and 2007, a relief map made by the laser data in 2007, NDVI using the satellite data in 2006 and the field surveys.<br>The study area can be classified into 7 landforms; sand beach, coastal cliff, flat surface, dune 1, dune 2, dune 3 and parabolic dune on the basis of the relief map.<br>In the area S, where NDVI is less than 0, geomorphic processes in the 5 years from 2002 to 2007 were clarified. The first is that coastal current from northeast to southwest erodes existing dunes and it develops coastal cliffs and sand beaches. The second is that northern monsoon develops new dunes in the lee side of the coastal cliffs. The dune developing process is affected by the ability in interruption to sand moving and capture of sand at the forestation area. <br>In the area S, the elevation decreased more than 5 meters and increased more than 4 meters during the 5 years. The character of the elevation change indicates that there are the small area of coastal cliff with the larger decreasing of elevation and the large area of sand dune or sand beach with the smaller increasing of elevation. The averages of the elevation change were +0.61 meter at dune 1, +0.44 meter at sand beach, +0.15 meter at flat surface and －0.86 meter at coastal cliff. <br>The relationship between NDVI and elevation change indicates that the pine forests at dune 1 caught a large amount of sand and that coastal cliff changed into sand beach by headward erosion.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.62.71

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DOI： 10.11212/jjca.48.2_1

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2009f.0.153.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2009s.0.219.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Cartographers Association  

In this study, characteristics and usefulness of the land cover image classified photo taken by a digital camera were discussed on the slopes of Hiiji-dake, Kuju Mountains.<br>The geometric correction using affine transform was applied to the images of 5 triangle areas in a taken image. The corrected image could be classified into six area types, Rhododendron kiusianum, thicket full of Alunus firma S. et Z., grass land, damaged area by insects, and others by maximum likelihood method. Considering the present relationship between land cover classification and landforms, the stable area of crest, upper sideslope and lower sideslope is dominated by Rhododendron kiusianum and the unstable area of side-hollow is dominated by thicket full of Alunus firma S. et Z. According to the land cover image classified aerial photograph before 30 years, the area of lower sideslope and side-hollow was dominated by grass land larger than now. So we can estimate that the area was more unstable than now. We think that the land cover data by the digital camera are useful for estimation of stability on the slope.<br>Where the target slopes about 200 meters away from the taken point, the difference in coordinates between the corrected images are estimated less than 1 meter. In this study, it cleared that the coverage rate of the each land cover classification is about 80 % on an average. The rate fluctuates about 20 % by a reason of the seasonal color change of leaves, flowers and damage by insect. The area of Rhododendron kiusianum and thicket full of Alunus firma S. et Z. tend to be larger in flourishing season and smaller in defoliate season.<br>Consequently, the photos taken by the digital camera can be used for the useful land cover classification maps, and we can estimate landforms in detail by maps. In the study on environmental problem and natural disaster, a lot of kinds of uses are to be expected on the photos in GIS analyses.

DOI： 10.11212/jjca.47.1_1

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In this study, we investigated the condition and the size of cracks caused by the 2005 West off Fukuoka Earthquake on various types of objects such as wooden house, concrete building, fence and floor and road in Fukuoka urban area and analyzed the data of cracks by GIS. We made a damage distribution map on the earthquake from the results of the analysis and discussed the relationships between that and geologic and geomorphologic conditions. We clarified the followings through this study. 1) We converted the points of condition and the size of cracks into 7 ranks of a unified standard based on these related setting between various types of objects in a small area, so we could make a damage distribution map with mostly objectivity. 2) The damages were large at the seaside area, the east area of Kego fault and the surface of the ground of buried valleys where the basement rock is deep. They were small at the surface of the ground over the underground convex landform of basement rock and near hills where the basement rock is shallow. 3) The damages were small at terrace, natural levee and alluvial plain. On the other hand, they were large at hills and the landforms near seaside such as reclaimed land since the World War II, coastal lowland and dune. 4) We referred to the concept of quantitative evaluation on a borehole wall and an outcrop in engineering geology for a unique compiling method on a damage distribution map. We had better to study other cases for the map because the 7 ranks of a unified standard in this study are not sufficiently general.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.50.151

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00335717505?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

In this study, we investigated the condition and the size of cracks caused by the 2005 West off Fukuoka Earthquake on various types of objects such as wooden house, concrete building, fence and floor and road in Fukuoka urban area and analyzed the data of cracks by GIS. We made a damage distribution map on the earthquake from the results of the analysis and discussed the relationships between that and geologic and geomorphologic conditions. We clarified the followings through this study. 1) We converted the points of condition and the size of cracks into 7 ranks of a unified standard based on these related setting between various types of objects in a small area, so we could make a damage distribution map with mostly objectivity. 2) The damages were large at the seaside area, the east area of Kego fault and the surface of the ground of buried valleys where the basement rock is deep. They were small at the surface of the ground over the underground convex landform of basement rock and near hills where the basement rock is shallow. 3) The damages were small at terrace, natural levee and alluvial plain. On the other hand, they were large at hills and the landforms near seaside such as reclaimed land since the World War II, coastal lowland and dune. 4) We referred to the concept of quantitative evaluation on a borehole wall and an outcrop in engineering geology for a unique compiling method on a damage distribution map. We had better to study other cases for the map because the 7 ranks of a unified standard in this study are not sufficiently general.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.50.151

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DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis23.0.203.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.198.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.167.0

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DOI： 10.11212/jjca1963.46.2_1

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007f.0.92.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007s.0.114.0

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DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007s.0.202.0

J-GLOBAL

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CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.48.170

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

A lot of slope failures occurred on sideslopes of the mountain at Dazaifu city, Fukuoka pref. due to the 2003 Kyushu heavy rainfalls. In this study, at the upper reaches of Hara River, we investigated a sideslope where two slope failures had occurred. Then we discussed three relationships between joints of basement rock and landforms, soil horizon and slope failure, and the degrees of soil creep estimated by deformation of trees and landforms. Three joint systems exist in the basement rock. We classified the sideslope into seven landforms, crest, deep side-hollow, shallow side-hollow, terrace of smooth slope, landslide scar of valley floor, cliff and convex break of slope. Thick soil overlies basement rock and is creeping from crest to valley floor. Many forms of the basement rock were also classified. They are valley, hollow and stairs affected by the joint systems, and two buried convex breaks of slope affected by climatic change. These breaks of slope do not always exist just under the convex breaks of slope on the surface. The strength of soil creep is larger where the level of basement rock drops suddenly and at the valley side of convex break of the surface than other locations. On the basement rock, the soil creep is small at the crest side and is large at the valley side of the buried convex break of slope in strength. The soil which arrives and stagnates in the valley makes the shallow side-hollow and terrace of smooth slope. The causes of the slope failures are presumed that the soil above weathered angular gravels or decomposed granite was saturated with water by the heavy rainfalls, and then the stability of the soil decreased. The joint systems on the basement rock affect the forms of sideslope, forms of basement rock and landforms, and trends of soil creep at the area. Consequently, we propose to survey not only landforms but also soil, trees, and joint systems of basement rock for the available prediction of the area induced slope failure.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.48.170

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00301711025?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

We discussed influence of landslip landforms on rivers in Maetsue area, Hita city, Ooita prefecture. In this study area, there are 195 landslip landforms, and they were classified into four types by their landforms interpreted by aerial photographs. We considered that existence of cap rock is to be a geologic factor of developing larger landslip landforms in this area. We investigated relationships between landforms of river and landslip landforms by using stream profile and profile of channel slope. Where larger landslip lobes close to the river, some sections of the stream profile and the profile of channel slope become convex curve caused by aggradations of elevation of river bed. By the form of convex lines on the profile of channel slope, the profile can present more and clearer sections affected by landslip landforms than the stream profile. Consequently, we consider that we can estimate easily the affected areas by landslip landforms on investigation of such sections of the stream profile. Furthermore, we can indicate the area more clearly from the drawing of the profile of channel slope. It is easy for us to present the landforms of the river by using GIS software and detailed geographic information.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.46.311

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00274070990?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

We discussed influence of landslip landforms on rivers in Maetsue area, Hita city, Ooita prefecture. In this study area, there are 195 landslip landforms, and they were classified into four types by their landforms interpreted by aerial photographs. We considered that existence of cap rock is to be a geologic factor of developing larger landslip landforms in this area. We investigated relationships between landforms of river and landslip landforms by using stream profile and profile of channel slope. Where larger landslip lobes close to the river, some sections of the stream profile and the profile of channel slope become convex curve caused by aggradations of elevation of river bed. By the form of convex lines on the profile of channel slope, the profile can present more and clearer sections affected by landslip landforms than the stream profile. Consequently, we consider that we can estimate easily the affected areas by landslip landforms on investigation of such sections of the stream profile. Furthermore, we can indicate the area more clearly from the drawing of the profile of channel slope. It is easy for us to present the landforms of the river by using GIS software and detailed geographic information.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.46.311

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00274070990?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Cartographers Association  

DOI： 10.11212/jjca1963.44.4_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：福岡教育大学  

CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

In this study, the ground condition was discussed in detail on urban area around JR Hakata station in Fukuoka city. Our study area was inundated and covered with silty to sandy sediment due to overflow of the Mikasa river induced by the 2003 Kyushu heavy rain fall on 19th July 2003. Water depth and thickness of the sediment were investigated and their contour maps were compiled. Grain size distribution on 18 sediment samples was analyzed. Direction and speed of the overland flood flow were examined to clarify the ground condition of the area by using all the results.<br>Ground elevation of inundated areas is lower than that of their surroundings. Main two inundated areas are valley bottom plain of western part of Fukuoka airport, and backmarsh of right and left sides of the river at the back of beach ridge and sand dune. The last one was selected as the study area.<br>The inundated area, the water depth and the thickness of the sediment at the eastern part of the station were larger than them at the western part of it, since westerly course of the overland flood flow was interrupted by the station and the Kagoshima Main Line. The overland flood water stagnated at the eastern part of the station ran out through only two roads passing under the Kagoshima Main Line. Detailed direction and strength of the overland flood flow were estimated by the result of the sediment analyses.<br>On the basis of the above results, three areas with unique ground condition were clarified in the study area. These are stagnation area accompanied with fine sediment, deposition area accompanied with coarse sediment, and flow area not accompanied with any sediment. It is clear that the analogical setting of landforms, natural levee, delta, sand splay and backmarsh was developed by urbanization at the study area of once backmarsh.<br>Consequently, the unique hazard map for flood on urban area at lowland has to be compiled in consideration of the new ground condition yielded by its urban structure.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.57.63

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00255796017?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Cartographers Association  

DOI： 10.11212/jjca1963.42.4_1

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00247574265?from=CiNii

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1141/00110346/

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.44.84

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

Many slope failures occurred in a valley on 30th June 1999 at Kannondai, Hiroshima city due to heavy rainfall. The slope failures in the valley can be classified into two types, upper slope failure and lower slope failure, according to their geologic, pedologic and topographic features for slide scars, and their setting in the valley. The upper slope failures occurred in head hollow between upper convex break of slope and lower one. The lower slope failures occurred in lower sideslope beneath the lower convex break of slope. The process of the lower slope failure is presumed that the sand and humus layers above the weathered basement rock were saturated with water by the heavy rainfalls at the lower sideslope, and that the stability of the lower sideslope then decreased, which resulted in the regolith sliding on the basement rock. On the other hand, the process of the upper slope failure is presumed that heavy rainfalls induced piping by saturated through flow in angular gravel layer, and that regolith of the layer and other layers above the fresh basement rock at the head hollow had fallen off the fresh basement rock. The existence of the four joint systems and the two types of weathering processes on the basement rock affect the geomorphic features of the slope failures and the landforms in the valley. These two types of slope failures repeatedly occur at the same landforms, and their processes have been maintaining the landforms in the valley.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.44.84

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00221984530?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

Many slope failures occurred in a valley on 30th June 1999 at Kannondai, Hiroshima city due to heavy rainfall. The slope failures in the valley can be classified into two types, upper slope failure and lower slope failure, according to their geologic, pedologic and topographic features for slide scars, and their setting in the valley. The upper slope failures occurred in head hollow between upper convex break of slope and lower one. The lower slope failures occurred in lower sideslope beneath the lower convex break of slope. The process of the lower slope failure is presumed that the sand and humus layers above the weathered basement rock were saturated with water by the heavy rainfalls at the lower sideslope, and that the stability of the lower sideslope then decreased, which resulted in the regolith sliding on the basement rock. On the other hand, the process of the upper slope failure is presumed that heavy rainfalls induced piping by saturated through flow in angular gravel layer, and that regolith of the layer and other layers above the fresh basement rock at the head hollow had fallen off the fresh basement rock. The existence of the four joint systems and the two types of weathering processes on the basement rock affect the geomorphic features of the slope failures and the landforms in the valley. These two types of slope failures repeatedly occur at the same landforms, and their processes have been maintaining the landforms in the valley.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.44.84

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00221984530?from=CiNii

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：海洋出版  

CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.5638/thagis.10.121

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DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.41.218

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

Relationship between damage of buildings caused by Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake and landforms, and relationship between the damage of buildings and ages of residential development are investigated on Takarazuka City. Distributions of the damage of buildings, the landforms and the ages of residential development are overlaid using GIS. Ratio of the damaged residential area to whole residential area in each landform and the similar ratio in each age of residential development are calculated. Another kind of damage measure corresponding to the ratio is also estimated using regression coefficient by quantification method of the first type. The former calculation is to handle landforms and ages of residential development independently, and the latter is to handle them simultaneously. From the evaluation of the ratios and their 95% confidence interval, landforms in order of frequency of all the levels of damages are middle terrace, low terrace, artificial reformation area of lowland, alluvial fan, alluvial plain, mountain, artificial reformation area of mountain and hill, and natural levee. Landforms in order of frequency of heavy damages are the first group of alluvial fan and low terrace, the second group of artificial reformation area of lowland and middle terrace, and the third group of natural levee, mountain and artificial reformation area of mountin and hill. The order of all levels of damages and the order of heavy damages are different. Furthermore damages are more frequent in middle terrace, low terrace and alluvial fan with firmer ground than alluvial plain and natural levee of alluvial area with softer ground. Deposits of landforms and geologic structure seem important factors of these results. As for the ages of residential development, it is clear that the damages tend to less frequent in newer residential areas than older one.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.41.218

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00068825164?from=CiNii

DOI： 10.6010/geoinformatics1990.11.1_11

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木研究センター  

CiNii Books

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

Basic problems of a distribution map of the damaged area, caused by an earthquake are the influence of vacant areas of buildings and the strength of extraordinary of buildings in initial distribution maps for each building. We need to remove them to assess the distribution of damaged area by averaging the distribution of each damaged building. In this study, we discussed the counter method for averaging the distribution. In general, a counter method is a method to make a contour map of separate planes like a bedding plane using a circle window. In this study, a square window is employed as a counter. The method consists of 7 rules for drawing reasonable boundary lines of selected main damaged areas. Because the counter size affects the figure of the boundary line of damaged areas, we must select a suitable counter size for averaging the distribution of damaged buildings. We observed the distribution maps made by various size counter, and compared between the maps and geomorphological maps. In the case of the distribution map of damaged buildings caused by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, we could remove the influence of vacant areas and extraordinary buildings by the counter method. Furthermore, averaging a distribution map of damaged areas by the above method clarified our understanding of the relationships between geomorphological and/or geological factors and earthquake hazards. These results show that the counter method is useful for averaging a distribution map of damaged area.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.37.396

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00043748648?from=CiNii

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Language：English   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

A probable rapid sea level rise (SLR) caused by global warming seems to have a great impact on environmental conditions and human life in coastal regions all over the world. It will induce natural disasters such as various types of floods and change of land use, vegetation, geomorphological conditions and hydrological circumstances. For the reason, a detailed preliminary assessments of the impact is required in order to implement measures to counteract SLR by many governments.<br>It needs enough budget and time to evaluate the total loss by the impacts. But it is difficult to do so particularly in developing countries, because we can not get enough information of ground elevation and areal distribution of properties there. Then the unit value method which enables us to evaluate the loss easily was developed in combination with land use information and data of socio-economic properties in Thailand.<br>Since there is a lack of basic information, remote sensing using satellite data is effective for evaluating total loss of socio-economic properties. In this study, socio-economic properties were calculated reasonably in combination with unit values, land use information using LANDSAT image, and ground elevation data in Bangkok area. The area is located near the river mouth of the Chaophraya and it might be easily affected by SLR.<br>Socio-economic properties consist of real estate, productivity and residential population. In this study, the unit values are defined as the density of these properties per 1 rai (1 rai is 1, 600m²), 1m², and 1km².<br>The values of the real estate were prepared based on a socio-economic data book, interview survey and local researchers' comments. We applied the highest value to commercial area, the lowest value to agricultural area, one to fifth of the highest value to residential area and industrial area, and 10 thousand bahts per rai to fish pond.<br>The values of the productivity of commercial, residential, industrial, and agricultural areas were calculated by the following process. Total productivity of every category of industry, agriculture, commercial and residential was divided by the areal extent of each land use in Greater Bangkok Metropolitan Area. The value of the productivity of fish pond was prepared based on a socio-economic data book. The value of residential population was calculated by the following process. Total residential population in every administrative unit was divided by the total of residential and commercial areal extents in every administrative unit.<br>If 1m SLR occurs in future, we can estimate the followings: 1, 200km² of land is submerged and it means loss of approximately 64 billion bahts. As for the productivity, 300 billion bahts per year are lost. 2 million 800 thousand of residents have to be withdrawn inland. As for total loss of socio-economic properties, about 20% of difference occurred in the estimation based on two kinds of maps between LANDSAT land use map and conventional one by NRCT (National Research Council of Thailand).<br>The total loss estimated here provides an extreme case in which any countermeasure is not completed.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.48.161

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00388715176?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

A probable rapid sea level rise (SLR) caused by global warming seems to have a great impact on environmental conditions and human life in coastal regions all over the world. It will induce natural disasters such as various types of floods and change of land use, vegetation, geomorphological conditions and hydrological circumstances. For the reason, a detailed preliminary assessments of the impact is required in order to implement measures to counteract SLR by many governments.<br>It needs enough budget and time to evaluate the total loss by the impacts. But it is difficult to do so particularly in developing countries, because we can not get enough information of ground elevation and areal distribution of properties there. Then the unit value method which enables us to evaluate the loss easily was developed in combination with land use information and data of socio-economic properties in Thailand.<br>Since there is a lack of basic information, remote sensing using satellite data is effective for evaluating total loss of socio-economic properties. In this study, socio-economic properties were calculated reasonably in combination with unit values, land use information using LANDSAT image, and ground elevation data in Bangkok area. The area is located near the river mouth of the Chaophraya and it might be easily affected by SLR.<br>Socio-economic properties consist of real estate, productivity and residential population. In this study, the unit values are defined as the density of these properties per 1 rai (1 rai is 1, 600m²), 1m², and 1km².<br>The values of the real estate were prepared based on a socio-economic data book, interview survey and local researchers' comments. We applied the highest value to commercial area, the lowest value to agricultural area, one to fifth of the highest value to residential area and industrial area, and 10 thousand bahts per rai to fish pond.<br>The values of the productivity of commercial, residential, industrial, and agricultural areas were calculated by the following process. Total productivity of every category of industry, agriculture, commercial and residential was divided by the areal extent of each land use in Greater Bangkok Metropolitan Area. The value of the productivity of fish pond was prepared based on a socio-economic data book. The value of residential population was calculated by the following process. Total residential population in every administrative unit was divided by the total of residential and commercial areal extents in every administrative unit.<br>If 1m SLR occurs in future, we can estimate the followings: 1, 200km² of land is submerged and it means loss of approximately 64 billion bahts. As for the productivity, 300 billion bahts per year are lost. 2 million 800 thousand of residents have to be withdrawn inland. As for total loss of socio-economic properties, about 20% of difference occurred in the estimation based on two kinds of maps between LANDSAT land use map and conventional one by NRCT (National Research Council of Thailand).<br>The total loss estimated here provides an extreme case in which any countermeasure is not completed.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.48.161

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00388715176?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

In the general trend of intensified environmental pollution caused by human activity, it is necessary to grasp the actual state of energy consumption and environmental load. In this paper, energy is shown by the volume of crude oil, and environmental load by the mass of SO_x, NO_x and CO₂.<br>As for energy consumption and environmental load, it is possible to get correct values in micro-scales at every room and every building based on the researchers' observation and measurement. On the other hand, there are various kinds of statistical values on the whole country. But it is almost impossible to grasp and estimate the values of energy consumption and environmental loads in the cases of medium scales between the whole country and each building.<br>The authors developed a method of estimating these values by the combination with various kinds of statistical values, the unit values and land use classification in medium scale or any form of areas. Subsequently, the number of present land use classification units are reduced from 33 to only 9, because over-detailed classification is not useful for the estimation. The research area was Tsuchiura city and its vicinities. Here, the authors clarified the distribution of energy consumption and environmental load using a rank map which was compiled from the land use map.<br>Thus, the authors could estimate the values of energy consumption and environmental load quantitatively using land use types and relating factors in medium scale areas where reasonable values have not been got.<br>The accuracy of the estimation should be improved in future based on remote sensing technique and/or a present conventional mapping method. Depending on the case, the better way should be selected to clarify actual conditions of the environment.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.48.81

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00388715152?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Engineering Geology  

Basic problems of a distribution map of the damaged area, caused by an earthquake are the influence of vacant areas of buildings and the strength of extraordinary of buildings in initial distribution maps for each building. We need to remove them to assess the distribution of damaged area by averaging the distribution of each damaged building. In this study, we discussed the counter method for averaging the distribution. In general, a counter method is a method to make a contour map of separate planes like a bedding plane using a circle window. In this study, a square window is employed as a counter. The method consists of 7 rules for drawing reasonable boundary lines of selected main damaged areas. Because the counter size affects the figure of the boundary line of damaged areas, we must select a suitable counter size for averaging the distribution of damaged buildings. We observed the distribution maps made by various size counter, and compared between the maps and geomorphological maps. In the case of the distribution map of damaged buildings caused by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, we could remove the influence of vacant areas and extraordinary buildings by the counter method. Furthermore, averaging a distribution map of damaged areas by the above method clarified our understanding of the relationships between geomorphological and/or geological factors and earthquake hazards. These results show that the counter method is useful for averaging a distribution map of damaged area.

DOI： 10.5110/jjseg.37.396

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00043748648?from=CiNii

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Language：English   Publisher：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

In the general trend of intensified environmental pollution caused by human activity, it is necessary to grasp the actual state of energy consumption and environmental load. In this paper, energy is shown by the volume of crude oil, and environmental load by the mass of SO_x, NO_x and CO₂.<br>As for energy consumption and environmental load, it is possible to get correct values in micro-scales at every room and every building based on the researchers' observation and measurement. On the other hand, there are various kinds of statistical values on the whole country. But it is almost impossible to grasp and estimate the values of energy consumption and environmental loads in the cases of medium scales between the whole country and each building.<br>The authors developed a method of estimating these values by the combination with various kinds of statistical values, the unit values and land use classification in medium scale or any form of areas. Subsequently, the number of present land use classification units are reduced from 33 to only 9, because over-detailed classification is not useful for the estimation. The research area was Tsuchiura city and its vicinities. Here, the authors clarified the distribution of energy consumption and environmental load using a rank map which was compiled from the land use map.<br>Thus, the authors could estimate the values of energy consumption and environmental load quantitatively using land use types and relating factors in medium scale areas where reasonable values have not been got.<br>The accuracy of the estimation should be improved in future based on remote sensing technique and/or a present conventional mapping method. Depending on the case, the better way should be selected to clarify actual conditions of the environment.

DOI： 10.5190/tga.48.81

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00388715152?from=CiNii

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