DOI： 10.32286/00026169

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DOI： 10.32286/00026168

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DOI： 10.1177/2158244021997821

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DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2020-B003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer New York LLC  

Visual mental imagery resembles visual working memory (VWM). Because both visual mental imagery and VWM involve the representation and manipulation of visual information, it was hypothesized that they would exert similar effects on visual attention. Several previous studies have demonstrated that working-memory representations guide attention toward a memory-matching task-irrelevant stimulus during visual-search tasks. Therefore, mental imagery may also guide attention toward imagery-matching stimuli. In the present study, five experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of visual mental imagery on visual attention during a visual-search task. Participants were instructed to visualize a color or an object clearly associated with a specific color, after which they were asked to detect a colored target in the visual-search task. Reaction times for target detection were shorter when the color of the target matched the imagined color, and when the color of the target was similar to that strongly associated with the imagined object, than when the color of the target did not match that of the mental representation. This effect was not observed when participants were not instructed to imagine a color. These results suggest that similar to VWM, visual mental imagery guides attention toward imagery-matching stimuli.

DOI： 10.3758/s13414-018-1520-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Frontiers Media S.A.  

According to cognitive theories, verbal processing attenuates emotional processing, whereas visual imagery enhances emotional processing and contributes to the maintenance of social anxiety. Individuals with social anxiety report negative mental images in social situations. However, the general ability of visual mental imagery of neutral scenes in individuals with social anxiety is still unclear. The present study investigated the general ability of non-emotional mental imagery (vividness, preferences for imagery vs. verbal processing, and object or spatial imagery) and the moderating role of effortful control in attenuating social anxiety. The participants (N = 231) completed five questionnaires. The results showed that social anxiety was not necessarily associated with all aspects of mental imagery. As suggested by theories, social anxiety was not associated with a preference for verbal processing. However, social anxiety was positively correlated with the visual imagery scale, especially the object imagery scale, which concerns the ability to construct pictorial images of individual objects. Further, it was negatively correlated with the spatial imagery scale, which concerns the ability to process information about spatial relations between objects. Although object imagery and spatial imagery positively and negatively predicted the degree of social anxiety, respectively, these effects were attenuated when socially anxious individuals had high effortful control. Specifically, in individuals with high effortful control, both object and spatial imagery were not associated with social anxiety. Socially anxious individuals might prefer to construct pictorial images of individual objects in natural scenes through object imagery. However, even in individuals who exhibit these features of mental imagery, effortful control could inhibit the increase in social anxiety.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02323

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Routledge  

Social anxiety is associated with attentional bias and working memory for emotional stimuli
however, the ways in which social anxiety affects cognitive functions involving non-emotional stimuli remains unclear. The present study focused on the role of attentional networks (i.e. alerting, orienting, and executive control networks) and visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC) for non-emotional stimuli in the context of social anxiety. One hundred and seventeen undergraduates completed questionnaires on social anxiety. They then performed an attentional network test and a change detection task to measure visuospatial WMC. Orienting network and visuospatial WMC were positively correlated with social anxiety. A multiple regression analysis showed significant positive associations of alerting, orienting, and visuospatial WMC with social anxiety. Alerting, orienting networks, and high visuospatial WMC for non-emotional stimuli may predict degree of social anxiety.

DOI： 10.1080/02699931.2016.1263601

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Studies on autobiographical memory retrieval highlight the prominence of rapid and direct access to a specific event memory. Because it has been believed that autobiographical memory retrieval mostly relies on an effortful generative process, there is little empirical evidence on the early stage of information processing that contributes to autobiographical memory specificity (AMS). Therefore, we investigated the associations between AMS and automatic activation of information stimulated by rapid presentation of emotional words. Study 1 involved a visual search task to assess activation of various distractors in working memory. Participants with reduced AMS showed a tendency to activate distractors that were not semantically associated with preceding cues. In Study 2, we manipulated the levels of AMS by using a computerized version of Memory Specificity Training (c-MeST) to observe the changes in the activation of distractors. Results showed that increases in AMS were associated with decreases in activation of cue-unassociated distractors. These findings suggest that reduced AMS can be characterized by dispersed activation spreading over semantically unassociated distractors in automatic information selection of working memory. Because we also found an association between depressive symptoms and AMS, the role of automatic information processing in the relation between reduced AMS and depression is discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

In the present study, we explored the linguistic nature of specific memories generated with the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) by developing a computerized classifier that distinguishes between specific and nonspecific memories. The AMTis regarded as one of the most important assessment tools to study memory dysfunctions (e.g., difficulty recalling the specific details of memories) in psychopathology. In Study 1, we utilized the Japanese corpus data of 12,400 cue-recalled memories tagged with observer-rated specificity. We extracted linguistic features of particular relevance to memory specificity, such as past tense, negation, and adverbial words and phrases pertaining to time and location. On the basis of these features, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify the memories into specific and nonspecific categories, which achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of .92 in a performance test. In Study 2, the trained SVM was tested in terms of its robustness in classifying novel memories (n = 8,478) that were retrieved in response to cue words that were different from those used in Study 1. The SVM showed an AUC of .89 in classifying the new memories. In Study 3, we extended the binary SVM to a five-class classification of the AMT, which achieved 64%-65% classification accuracy, against the chance level (20%) in the performance tests. Our data suggest that memory specificity can be identified with a relatively small number of words, capturing the universal linguistic features of memory specificity across memories in diverse contents.

DOI： 10.3758/s13428-016-0753-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

The autobiographical memory test (AMT) is a widely used measure to assess the specificity of autobiographical memories. Reduced Autobiographical Memory Specificity (AMS) or increased overgeneralization of memories is considered as a cognitive hallmark of depression. Therefore, reduced AMS is the subject of much psychopathological research, and is a promising target for psychological interventions. Although considerable evidence has been gathered on the clinical relevance of reduced AMS over the past decades, studies on AMS have been mainly conducted in Western populations, and few have been conducted in Asian populations. This could be because of the unknown psychometric properties of the AMT given cultural and language differences. Therefore, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the AMT in a Japanese community sample (N=1240). Our data replicated that (a) the AMT has a uni-factorial structure; (b) AMS has a small but statistically significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms; (c) AMS shows a significant declining trend as a function of age, which influences the magnitude of the association between AMS and depressive symptoms in older adults. These findings suggest that the AMT has robust psychometric properties across different languages and cultural backgrounds.

DOI： 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.019

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Psychopathy is personality traits, which is consisted of primary psychopathy characterized by affective and interpersonal problems and secondary psychopathy characterized by behavioral problems. Prior researchers have suggested that people with psychopathy have peculiar attention, which prevents them from detecting information peripheral to their concern, and we hypothesized that this explains their low empathy. Based on these reasoning, the present study assessed whether attention moderates the relationship between psychopathy and affective empathy. Eighty-five undergraduates (40 men and 45 women; mean age=19.8 years; SD=1.6) completed the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and a perceptual load task. Hierarchical regression showed that a significant moderation effect was found: primary psychopathy was negatively associated with affective empathy, among those with reduced interference from task-irrelevant stimuli under a medium level of perceptual load. Future study should need to replicate this finding with clinical population.

DOI： 10.1177/0033294116667699

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC  

In visual search tasks, an angry face surrounded by happy faces is more rapidly detected compared with a happy face surrounded by angry faces. This is called the anger superiority effect. The anger superiority effect has been mainly related to automatic attentional effects, but top-down mechanisms may also influence this effect. In a series of studies, we investigated the influence of holding emotional information in working memory (WM) on the anger superiority effect. In multiple experiments, participants were generally faster to find an angry target with happy distractors compared to a happy target with angry distractors. However, this anger superiority effect was diminished when holding angry information in WM, whereas the effect was still observed when holding happy information. These effects were not observed when participants did not remember emotional information other than the color of the emotional stimuli. The data indicate that enhanced processing of distractor facial expressions was observed when they matched the content of WM, facilitating target detection. However, when the contents of WM and distractor faces differed, the processing of distractor faces and detection of a target face were delayed. These results suggest that the anger superiority effect is modulated by top-down effects of WM and that interactions between contents of WM and perception of facial expressions determine the enhancement or reduction of the anger superiority effect.

DOI： 10.1037/a0037295

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The anger superiority effect shows that an angry face is detected more efficiently than a happy face. However, it is still controversial whether attentional allocation to angry faces is a bottom-up process or not. We investigated whether the anger superiority effect is influenced by top-down control, especially working memory (WM). Participants remembered a colour and then searched for differently coloured facial expressions. Just holding the colour information in WM did not modulate the anger superiority effect. However, when increasing the probabilities of trials in which the colour of a target face matched the colour held in WM, participants were inclined to direct attention to the target face regardless of the facial expression. Moreover, the knowledge of high probability of valid trials eliminated the anger superiority effect. These results suggest that the anger superiority effect is modulated by top-down effects of WM, the probability of events and expectancy about these probabilities.

DOI： 10.1080/02699931.2014.890094

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.2132/personality.23.119

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION  

Socially anxious individuals are interfered by distractors. Recent work has suggested that low working memory capacity and inappropriate temporary goal induce attention to distractors. We investigated the effects of working memory capacity and temporary goal on attention to distractors in social anxiety. Participants viewed a rapid serial visual presentation, in which participants reported the identity of a single target letter drawn in red. Distractors appeared before the target was presented. When the color of distractors was red (i.e., goal-relevant stimuli), low-capacity individuals were strongly interfered by the distractors compared to high-capacity individuals regardless of social anxiety. When the color of distractors was goal-irrelevant, low-capacity and high socially anxious individuals were strongly interfered by the distractors. These results suggest that socially anxious individuals with low working memory capacity could not inhibit the goal-irrelevant information and direct attention to distractors.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00840

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

This study investigated whether sensitivity to and evaluation of facial expressions varied with repeated exposure to non-prototypical facial expressions for a short presentation time. A morphed facial expression was presented for 500 ms repeatedly, and participants were required to indicate whether each facial expression was happy or angry. We manipulated the distribution of presentations of the morphed facial expressions for each facial stimulus. Some of the individuals depicted in the facial stimuli expressed anger frequently (i.e., anger-prone individuals), while the others expressed happiness frequently (i.e., happiness-prone individuals). After being exposed to the faces of anger-prone individuals, the participants became less sensitive to those individuals' angry faces. Further, after being exposed to the faces of happiness-prone individuals, the participants became less sensitive to those individuals' happy faces. We also found a relative increase in the social desirability of happiness-prone individuals after exposure to the facial stimuli.

DOI： 10.1007/s00426-012-0463-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS  

Maladaptive emotion regulation is a risk factor for depression when an individual is experiencing stressful interpersonal events. Although emotion regulation has several different dimensions, little is known about which of these mediate the relationship between interpersonal stress and depressive symptoms. The current study examined self-ratings of emotion regulation, interpersonal stress, and depression in a sample of non-clinical undergraduate students (N = 152). Our results indicated that two facets of emotion regulation (i.e., lack of emotional clarity and limited access to emotion regulation strategies) fully mediate the relationship between interpersonal stress and depression. Hence, to minimize depressive symptoms when experiencing interpersonal stress, our findings suggest that it is important for individuals to be clear about their feelings and to attempt to transition from negative feelings to alternative feelings.

DOI： 10.1007/s11031-012-9323-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Working memory capacity is one of the most important cognitive functions influencing individual traits, such as attentional control, fluid intelligence, and also psychopathological traits. Previous research suggests that anxiety is associated with impaired cognitive function, and studies have shown low verbal working memory capacity in individuals with high trait anxiety. However, the relationship between trait anxiety and visual working memory capacity is still unclear. Considering that people allocate visual attention more widely to detect danger under threat, visual working memory capacity might be higher in anxious people. In the present study, we show that visual working memory capacity increases as trait social anxiety increases by using a change detection task. When the demand to inhibit distractors increased, however, high visual working memory capacity diminished in individuals with social anxiety, and instead, impaired filtering of distractors was predicted by trait social anxiety. State anxiety was not correlated with visual working memory capacity. These results indicate that socially anxious people could potentially hold a large amount of information in working memory. However, because of an impaired cognitive function, they could not inhibit goal-irrelevant distractors and their performance decreased under highly demanding conditions.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0034244

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

In this study, by manipulating perceptual load, we investigated whether socially anxious people process task-irrelevant, non-emotional, natural scenes. When attention was directed to letters and perceptual load was low, task-irrelevant natural scenes were processed, as evidenced by repetition priming effects, in both high and low socially anxious people. In the high perceptual load condition, repetition-priming effects decreased in participants with low social anxiety, but not in those with high social anxiety. The results were the same when attention was directed to pictures of animals: even in the high perceptual load condition, high socially anxious participants processed task-irrelevant natural scenes, as evidenced by flanker effects. However, when attention was directed to pictures of people, task-irrelevant natural scenes were not processed by participants in either anxiety group, regardless of perceptual load. These results suggest that high socially anxious individuals could not inhibit task-irrelevant natural scenes under conditions of high perceptual load, except when attention was focused on people. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.05.019

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

While impaired attentional disengagement from threatening stimuli is thought to enhance social anxiety, it is unclear when the impaired disengagement occurs accurately. We used a gap task (Experiment 1) and an overlap task (Experiment 2) to reveal the impaired attentional disengagement from angry faces in socially anxious people with non-treatment seeking undergraduates. High (N = 17 in Experiments 1 and 2) and low socially anxious people (N = 17 in Experiment 1 and 19 in Experiment 2) were asked to fixate on an angry or neutral face presented at the center of a screen. Then, they discriminated the peripheral target stimuli. When there was a temporal gap between the face and target in Experiment 1 (gap task), the reaction times (RTs) for angry and neutral faces did not differ for all participants. However, when there was no gap and the face continued to appear in Experiment 2 (overlap task), the RTs for angry faces in high socially anxious people were longer than those for neutral faces after presentation times of 300 ms or longer. In low socially anxious people, the RTs following the angry and neutral faces did not differ. These results suggest that high socially anxious people face difficulty in disengaging attention from angry faces after recognizing them. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.08.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

We investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous attention for the processing of emotional stimuli in individuals with high social anxiety using accuracy rates. Following the presentation of an endogenous cue at the centre, exogenous cues (i.e., angry and neutral faces) were presented at peripheral locations. Subsequently, non-emotional masked targets were presented, and the participants were instructed to discriminate between the targets. With respect to exogenous attention, high socially anxious people exhibited higher accuracy when the angry face and target appeared on the same side than when they appeared on different sides, whereas low socially anxious people did not exhibit such effects. On the other hand, different abilities of endogenous attention were not observed between high and low socially anxious people. These results suggest that exogenous attention is biased towards threat in high socially anxious people.

DOI： 10.1080/02699931.2010.535695

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Personality Psychology  

This study investigated the construct validity of the Japanese version of the BIS/BAS scales. A dot-probe task was used, which examined the degree of attention to a fear-conditioned stimulus. The results showed that the BIS-points, which measure the degree of behavioral avoidance or inhibition, were positively correlated with the degree of attention to the fear-conditioned stimulus. There also was a significant or a marginally significant negative correlation between the BAS-points, which measure the degree of behavioral approach, and the response time. The results indicate construct validity of the Japanese version of the BIS/BAS scales.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.19.278

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00371485581?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS  

Abnormal psychology provides a rationale for cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We reviewed abnormal psychological research on SAD that focused on the following: (1) the relationship between negative interpretation of bodily sensations and state anxiety, (2) the safety behavior and effects of behavioral experiments, and (3) the relationship between attentional function and social anxiety symptoms. Clearly, the researchers and practitioners of CBT share a theoretical framework and their research addresses the variables directly related to clinical practice, which facilitates the understanding of concrete steps for clinical practice and communication among researchers and practitioners. As these researchers try to understand mental disorder from the perspective of normal psychological functions, basic research would improve our understanding of mental disorder and eliminate the need to discriminate between different disorders. Abnormal psychology is a research area that can be enriched by researchers from such fundamental psychology fields as emotional or cognitive psychology.

DOI： 10.4092/jsre.18.33

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00376337205?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

According to the attentional control theory, anxious people should process task-irrelevant distractors more than non-anxious people. This could be due to them having more attentional resources to allocate to the processing of task-irrelevant distractors. The current study was designed to assess the processing of task-irrelevant stimuli in low- and high-socially-anxious people. We conducted four experiments using perceptual load tasks. In the high-perceptual-load condition, interference effects from task-irrelevant distractors were not observed in low-socially-anxious people. This finding is consistent with the view of exhausting attentional resources to process task-relevant stimuli. However, interference effects were observed in high-socially-anxious people in the case of high perceptual load (Experiment 1). These effects were observed when presenting the distractor at a fixation (Experiment 2) or attracting attention involuntarily to the target location by spatial cueing (Experiment 3). However, when distractors were masked to decrease their visibility, distractor processing was not observed (Experiment 4). These results suggested that people with high social anxiety may have more attentional resources than people with low social anxiety, and this might partially derive from enhanced stimulus-driven attention.

DOI： 10.1080/02699930903378503

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC  

This study investigated whether impaired endogenous attention and enhanced exogenous attention for the processing of nonemotional stimuli were observed in individuals with high social anxiety. In each trial, participants were presented with an endogenous cue at a center, followed by exogenous cues at peripheral locations; subsequently, nonemotional masked targets were presented wherein the subjects were asked to distinguish between the targets. The accuracy rates were influenced by social anxiety only in exogenous conditions. Individuals with high social anxiety exhibited higher accuracy in the valid condition than in the invalid condition of exogenous attention, whereas individuals with low social anxiety displayed uniform accuracy rates in valid, neutral, and invalid conditions. The validity effects in individuals with high social anxiety did not diminish when controlling for trait and state anxiety and depression. The results suggest that individuals with high social anxiety have an enhanced exogenous attentional system and that they are attracted to salient stimuli regardless of emotionality.

DOI： 10.1037/a0016817

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

It is unclear whether negative affect is associated with the impairment of attentional networks for non-emotional processing. Using the attention network test (ANT), which assesses the efficiency of alerting, orienting, and executive attention, we attempted to clarify which attentional networks were related to negative affect, i.e., anxiety, depression, and social anxiety. Forty-three participants completed the self-report questionnaires and the ANT. Negative affect was negatively correlated with orienting efficiency but not executive attention. Our results indicate that people with negative emotionality have an impaired orienting network for non-emotional stimuli. It is suggested that attentional bias for threatening stimuli in negative affect is due to the original impairment of the orienting network.

DOI： 10.1080/02699930802335018

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The present study investigated relationships between negative emotionality (i.e., social anxiety, state anxiety, and depression) and attentional control in undergraduate students (N = 167) by using the effortful control scale (EC), which consists of the following three subscales: inhibitory control, activation control, and attentional control. Depression was negatively correlated with inhibitory and activation controls when controlling for other negative emotional variables, and social anxiety was negatively correlated with attentional control when controlling for depression and state anxiety. This partial correlation was significant even when controlling for other subscales of effortful control. These results suggest that social anxiety is associated with impaired attentional control, while depression is related to the impairment of inhibitory and activation controls. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.003

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出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society for Cognitive Psychology  

本研究では，社会不安に見られる脅威関連刺激に対する選択的注意が，刺激からの注意の解放の欠如によるか検討した。社会不安高群と社会不安低群を選出し，実験を行った。プライム刺激には社会的脅威語，中性語，記号を用い，画面中央に100 ms，または800 ms提示した。その後，ターゲット刺激がプライム刺激の左右の一方に提示されるので，実験参加者にはプライム刺激を注視しながらターゲット刺激の位置弁別をキー押しで判断するよう求めた。結果，社会不安高群は社会不安低群に比べ，社会的脅威語を800 ms提示時に反応時間が遅延した。また，刺激提示時間が800 msでは，社会不安高群は中性語・記号よりも社会的脅威語で反応時間が遅れた。しかし，刺激提示時間が100 msの際は，社会不安高群と低群の間で差はなかった。社会的脅威刺激が800 ms程度長く提示されると，社会不安高群は刺激からの注意の解放が困難であることが明らかになった。

DOI： 10.5265/jcogpsy.4.123

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00357157006?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究は，対人不安の維持要因として考えられている判断・解釈バイアスと自己注目との関連についての検討を行った。研究1では被調査者の大学生194名から対人不安高群53名，対人不安低群48名を対象に質問紙調査を行い，対人・非対人状況での判断バイアスと自己注目との関連について検討した。その結果，対人場面かつ自己注目時でのみ対人不安高群は対人不安低群に比べて否定的な判断バイアスが働くことを示した。研究2では，研究1と同様の被調査者を対象に肯定的とも否定的とも考えられる曖昧な対人・非対人状況での解釈バイアスについて質問紙調査を行った結果，判断バイアス同様，対人場面かつ自己注目時でのみ対人不安高群に顕著な否定的解釈バイアスが認められた。以上のことから，否定的な判断・解釈バイアスが対人不安高群に働くときは，対人場面であり，かつ自己注目状況であることが明らかにされた。

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.171

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00290743250?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

This study investigated the time course of selective attention to socially threatening and positive words with a modified dot-probe task. Twenty-one college students responded to targets following a pair of either socially threatening and neutral words or socially positive and neutral words, shown for the duration of 250, 500, 750 or 1000 ms. Results showed that the students attended more away from socially threatening words at 250 ms, but at 750 ms they attended more to socially threatening words. Also, at 250 ms, the lower their trait social anxiety, the more they attended away from socially threatening words.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.71

CiNii Books

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00285075120?from=CiNii

開催年月日： 2016年7月

開催地：Budapest, Hungary  

In a symposium, Autobiographical Memory and Psychopathology

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開催年月日： 2015年9月

開催地：Braga, Portugal  

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開催年月日： 2014年9月

開催地：京都  

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開催年月日： 2013年8月

開催地：神奈川  

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開催年月日： 2012年9月

開催地：神奈川  

ワークショップ「抑うつの認知モデル―ミクロな研究でマクロを語る―」

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開催年月日： 2012年9月

開催地：神奈川  

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開催年月日： 2012年9月

開催地：神奈川  

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開催年月日： 2012年9月

開催地：神奈川  

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開催年月日： 2012年8月

開催地：Prague, Czech  

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開催年月日： 2012年7月

開催地：Cape Town, South Africa  

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開催年月日： 2012年7月

開催地：Trieste, Italy  

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開催年月日： 2011年9月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2011年8月

開催地：York, UK  

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開催年月日： 2011年7月

開催地：London, UK  

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開催年月日： 2010年10月

開催地：Milano, Italy  

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開催年月日： 2010年10月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2010年9月

開催地：大阪  

シンポジウム「臨床実践と心理学研究の対話―両者の知見を生かすために」

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開催年月日： 2010年9月

開催地：大阪  

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開催年月日： 2010年5月

開催地：福岡  

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開催年月日： 2010年5月

開催地：Naples, Florida, U.S.A.  

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開催年月日： 2009年11月

開催地：Boston, U.S.A.  

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開催年月日： 2009年9月

開催地：Dubrovnik, Croatia  

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開催年月日： 2009年8月

開催地：京都  

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開催年月日： 2009年7月

開催地：埼玉  

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開催年月日： 2009年5月

開催地：徳島  

ワークショップ「社会不安障害の認知行動療法―臨床技法・研究法の実際―」

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開催年月日： 2009年3月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2008年11月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2008年9月

開催地：北海道  

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開催年月日： 2008年9月

開催地：Helsinki, Finland  

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開催年月日： 2008年8月

開催地：Tokyo, Japan  

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開催年月日： 2008年5月

開催地：千葉  

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開催年月日： 2007年9月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2007年7月

開催地：Barcelona, Spain  

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開催年月日： 2007年7月

開催地：Tokyo, Japan  

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開催年月日： 2007年5月

開催地：京都  

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開催年月日： 2006年11月

開催地：福岡  

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開催年月日： 2006年10月

開催地：東京  

シンポジウム「社会不安障害のアナログ研究」

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開催年月日： 2006年9月

開催地：Tokyo, Japan  

International Symposium: "Cultural and Adaptive Bases of Human Sociality"

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開催年月日： 2006年8月

開催地：名古屋  

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開催年月日： 2006年8月

開催地：New Orleans, U.S.A.  

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開催年月日： 2006年5月

開催地：Hong Kong, China  

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開催年月日： 2006年3月

開催地：佐賀  

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開催年月日： 2006年3月

開催地：Tokyo, Japan  

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開催年月日： 2005年11月

開催地：岩手  

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開催年月日： 2005年11月

開催地：岩手  

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開催年月日： 2005年9月

開催地：東京  

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開催年月日： 2005年9月

開催地：Thessalonica, Greece  

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開催年月日： 2004年3月

開催地：Tokyo, Japan  

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