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掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文  

It is often assumed that East Asians, compared with Westerners, try to reshape their personal attitudes and expectations to fit the environment rather than attempting to influence realities. A recent review of the literature revises this idea by suggesting that East Asians, just like Westerners, do attempt to influence existing realities, but via subtly different routes: East Asians employ indirect strategies, seek support from influential others, or take a long-term approach to changing the world via self-improvement. This chapter discusses East Asians' tendency to employ various tactics in association with dialecticism, and their default cognitive mode of understanding the self, others, and the environment as changeable, connected, and contradictory. Along with collectivist and interdependent cultural characteristics, dialecticism may have additive or interactive effects on control experiences and psychological functioning in East Asia.

DOI： 10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

We assessed self-consistency (expressing similar traits in different situations) by having undergraduates in the United States (n = 230), Australia (n = 220), Canada (n = 240), Ecuador (n = 101), Mexico (n = 209), Venezuela (n = 209), Japan (n = 178), Malaysia (n = 254), and the Philippines (n = 241) report the traits they expressed in four different social situations. Self-consistency was positively associated with age, well-being, living in Latin America, and not living in Japan; however, each of these variables showed a unique pattern of associations with various psychologically distinct sources of raw self-consistency, including cross-situationally consistent social norms and injunctions. For example, low consistency between injunctive norms and trait expressions fully explained the low self-consistency in Japan. In accord with trait theory, after removing normative and injunctive sources of consistency, there remained robust distinctive noninjunctive self-consistency (reflecting individuating personality dispositions) in every country, including Japan. The results highlight how clarifying the determinants and implications of self-consistency requires differentiating its distinctive, injunctive, and noninjunctive components.

DOI： 10.1177/0146167217704192

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

The main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientations) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and self-reported achievement-related behaviors and preferences, which include a component of autonomy. It adds explained variance in behavior above and beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. Three studies are reported. The first compared Israeli Jews and Arabs on minimal initiation (n = 255), the second compared Israeli Jews and Japanese on creativity (n = 92), and the third compared Swiss, Mexican, and Indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n = 488). All three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self-reported achievement-related behaviors. The measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. In most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. The diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.

DOI： 10.1177/0022022114558090

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Within-individual variability in self-concepts and everyday personality states and affects was investigated in two experience sampling studies using density distribution and situation-behavior approaches. In all seven cultures sampled, within-individual variability was substantial and self-concept and personality state variability exhibited moderate convergence. Variability in personality and affect states was moderately predicted by perceived need satisfaction in the situations. The density distribution and situation-behavior approaches were moderately convergent in identifying the most variable individuals, but the pattern of cultural differences differed in the two methods. Contrary to cultural psychology perspectives, cultural differences in within-individual variability did not consistently correspond to cultural differences in individualism-collectivism, dialecticism, or tightness. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.002

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：関西学院大学心理科学研究室  

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その他リンク： http://hdl.handle.net/10236/11037

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Japanese and Canadian university students were compared on the changes they wanted in their lives. Contrary to their characterization as self-effacingly relational and group-minded, Japanese were no more likely than Canadians to wish for social or collective goods. Rather, Japanese were more likely than Canadians to wish for money or material goods, and less likely than Canadians to wish for better family relations, increased self-understanding, and improved academic performance. Whether these findings reflect dissimilar cultural priorities, unequal opportunities and constraints, or both, is discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-011-9299-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

The place of outsiders-strangers and otherwise irrelevant others - in the cultural logic of a society holds likely consequences for social perception. The authors begin by describing how outsiders are viewed in Western, Japanese, and Chinese societies. Comparing the three groups, it is proposed that the Chinese are most strongly disposed to disregard or ignore those outside their networks of affiliation and practical involvement. To test this claim experimentally, we assessed the incidental memory of Canadians, Japanese, and Chinese students for social targets of differing situational relevance to the perceiver. As expected, the Chinese showed greater memory advantage than the other groups for primary over nonprimary targets, but only when provided with an explicit justification for exclusive attention.

DOI： 10.1177/0022022109335182

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Communication on the Internet is often described as "anonymous", yet the usage of the term is often confusing, even in academia. Three levels of anonymity, visual anonymity, dissociation of real and online identities, and lack of identifiability, are thought to have different effects on various components of interpersonal motivation. Specifically, we propose that cross-cultural differences in interpersonal motivation (autonomy vs. affiliation) are illustrated by choices individuals make when deciding whether or not to remain anonymous while communicating online. Autonomy is often valued in Western societies, whereas Eastern societies tend to emphasize affiliation, suggesting that individuals in Western societies will gravitate toward online communities that allow lower levels of anonymity, while individuals in Eastern societies will be more likely to seek out online communities that promote higher levels of anonymity. The research presented in this article supports this notion, suggesting that we need to consider cultural differences when designing online communication systems and other communications technologies. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007.

DOI： 10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：教育システム情報学会編集事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Group Dynamics Association  

自尊心と様々な情動や行動，認知との関連性は従来，その高低を中心として議論されてきたが，その他の属性を検討することにより，より包括的にその影響を検討することができる。本研究は，自己評価が外部からの情報なしに，内発的に揺れ動く時，その変動の程度を『自己概念の力動性』と定義し，この力動性が自尊心と様々な情動や行動，認知の関連性の理解に重要な役割を果たす，と提唱する。本研究では，力動性を測定するための手続きとしてマウス・パラダイムと呼ばれる手法を用いた。大学生56名を対象とした準実験の結果，ローゼンバーグの尺度で測られた自尊心得点が，ナルシシズム傾向へと与える影響に対し，自己概念の力動性が調節変数として働くことが実証された。高い自尊心はナルシシズム傾向へと結びつくのは，自己概念の力動性が高い場合，すなわち内在的に自己評価が不安定な場合のみであった。自己概念の力動性が低い場合，すなわち自己評価が内在的に安定している場合は，高い自尊心はナルシシズム傾向に影響を及ぼさなかった。本研究の結果は，自尊心の関連性を考慮する場合に，自己概念の力動性という動的な性質を考慮することが重要であることを示している。<br>

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.46.120

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00297760946?from=CiNii

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Group Dynamics Association  

ダイナミック社会的インパクト理論（DSIT）は個人の間の社会的影響過程の結果，集団レベルでの自己組織化現象として，ばらつきの減少である合併と空間的な収束であるクラスタリングが生じると予測する。本研究では，この予測の実証の試みとして，Latané & L'Herrou（1996）の用いたコンピュータを通じたコミュニケーション（CMC）のパラダイムを拡張し，他者からの影響を促進するような教示を行わない，より一般的な社会的影響過程のもとでもDSITの予測が成り立つかどうか検証した。実験は5週間の間行われ，参加者は週に1回，他の参加者と意見の交換を行った。個人レベルの分析では，2つの話題のうち，一つの話題で他者からの影響力が有意であった。集団レベルでは，合併は観察されなかったが有意なクラスタリングが観察された。本研究は，先行研究における制限を取り除いた上でも，CMCによる実験において，個人間の社会的影響過程が観察されること，またその結果としてクラスタリングが生じることを実証した。また電子掲示板などで見られる弱い社会的影響過程の結果，合併を伴わずにクラスタリングが生じる可能性も示唆された。<br>

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.47.1

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00304576454?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：教育システム情報学会事務局  

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