researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Publishing type：Part of collection (book)  

It is often assumed that East Asians, compared with Westerners, try to reshape their personal attitudes and expectations to fit the environment rather than attempting to influence realities. A recent review of the literature revises this idea by suggesting that East Asians, just like Westerners, do attempt to influence existing realities, but via subtly different routes: East Asians employ indirect strategies, seek support from influential others, or take a long-term approach to changing the world via self-improvement. This chapter discusses East Asians' tendency to employ various tactics in association with dialecticism, and their default cognitive mode of understanding the self, others, and the environment as changeable, connected, and contradictory. Along with collectivist and interdependent cultural characteristics, dialecticism may have additive or interactive effects on control experiences and psychological functioning in East Asia.

DOI： 10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0010

Scopus

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

We assessed self-consistency (expressing similar traits in different situations) by having undergraduates in the United States (n = 230), Australia (n = 220), Canada (n = 240), Ecuador (n = 101), Mexico (n = 209), Venezuela (n = 209), Japan (n = 178), Malaysia (n = 254), and the Philippines (n = 241) report the traits they expressed in four different social situations. Self-consistency was positively associated with age, well-being, living in Latin America, and not living in Japan; however, each of these variables showed a unique pattern of associations with various psychologically distinct sources of raw self-consistency, including cross-situationally consistent social norms and injunctions. For example, low consistency between injunctive norms and trait expressions fully explained the low self-consistency in Japan. In accord with trait theory, after removing normative and injunctive sources of consistency, there remained robust distinctive noninjunctive self-consistency (reflecting individuating personality dispositions) in every country, including Japan. The results highlight how clarifying the determinants and implications of self-consistency requires differentiating its distinctive, injunctive, and noninjunctive components.

DOI： 10.1177/0146167217704192

Web of Science

researchmap

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

The main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientations) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and self-reported achievement-related behaviors and preferences, which include a component of autonomy. It adds explained variance in behavior above and beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. Three studies are reported. The first compared Israeli Jews and Arabs on minimal initiation (n = 255), the second compared Israeli Jews and Japanese on creativity (n = 92), and the third compared Swiss, Mexican, and Indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n = 488). All three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self-reported achievement-related behaviors. The measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. In most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. The diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.

DOI： 10.1177/0022022114558090

Web of Science

researchmap

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Within-individual variability in self-concepts and everyday personality states and affects was investigated in two experience sampling studies using density distribution and situation-behavior approaches. In all seven cultures sampled, within-individual variability was substantial and self-concept and personality state variability exhibited moderate convergence. Variability in personality and affect states was moderately predicted by perceived need satisfaction in the situations. The density distribution and situation-behavior approaches were moderately convergent in identifying the most variable individuals, but the pattern of cultural differences differed in the two methods. Contrary to cultural psychology perspectives, cultural differences in within-individual variability did not consistently correspond to cultural differences in individualism-collectivism, dialecticism, or tightness. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.002

Scopus

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10236/11037

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Japanese and Canadian university students were compared on the changes they wanted in their lives. Contrary to their characterization as self-effacingly relational and group-minded, Japanese were no more likely than Canadians to wish for social or collective goods. Rather, Japanese were more likely than Canadians to wish for money or material goods, and less likely than Canadians to wish for better family relations, increased self-understanding, and improved academic performance. Whether these findings reflect dissimilar cultural priorities, unequal opportunities and constraints, or both, is discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-011-9299-x

Web of Science

researchmap

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

The place of outsiders-strangers and otherwise irrelevant others - in the cultural logic of a society holds likely consequences for social perception. The authors begin by describing how outsiders are viewed in Western, Japanese, and Chinese societies. Comparing the three groups, it is proposed that the Chinese are most strongly disposed to disregard or ignore those outside their networks of affiliation and practical involvement. To test this claim experimentally, we assessed the incidental memory of Canadians, Japanese, and Chinese students for social targets of differing situational relevance to the perceiver. As expected, the Chinese showed greater memory advantage than the other groups for primary over nonprimary targets, but only when provided with an explicit justification for exclusive attention.

DOI： 10.1177/0022022109335182

Web of Science

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Communication on the Internet is often described as "anonymous", yet the usage of the term is often confusing, even in academia. Three levels of anonymity, visual anonymity, dissociation of real and online identities, and lack of identifiability, are thought to have different effects on various components of interpersonal motivation. Specifically, we propose that cross-cultural differences in interpersonal motivation (autonomy vs. affiliation) are illustrated by choices individuals make when deciding whether or not to remain anonymous while communicating online. Autonomy is often valued in Western societies, whereas Eastern societies tend to emphasize affiliation, suggesting that individuals in Western societies will gravitate toward online communities that allow lower levels of anonymity, while individuals in Eastern societies will be more likely to seek out online communities that promote higher levels of anonymity. The research presented in this article supports this notion, suggesting that we need to consider cultural differences when designing online communication systems and other communications technologies. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007.

DOI： 10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0

Scopus

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Group Dynamics Association  

Dynamic Social Impact Theory (DSIT) predicts consolidation and clustering at the group level, as individuals engage in mutual social influence processes. The current study expanded the paradigm proposed by Latané & L'Herrou (1996) to examine whether the predictions of DSIT holds under a more naturalistic condition. Unlike Latané & L'Herrou's study, no instruction was given to facilitate or promote compliance. Once a week for five weeks, participants communicated with others through a computer network on two topics of moral dilemmas. Results partly confirmed the effect of the social influence process at the individual level. At the group level, clustering of opinions was observed without consolidation. These results were discussed with implication to theoretical studies on DSIT using computer simulations.<br>

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.47.1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00304576454?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Group Dynamics Association  

The current research utilizes the Mouse Paradigm (Vallacher & Nowak, 1994) to measure "dynamism" of the self-concept, or how the individual's self-evaluation fluctuates without external stimuli. This study examined the role of dynamism of the self-concept in the relationship between self-esteem and narcissism. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Mouse Paradigm were administered to 56 university students. The results showed that dynamism of the self-concept moderated the effect of self-esteem on narcissism. Those with high self-esteem showed higher scores on the NPI only when their dynamism in their self-concept is high. When their self-concept dynamism is low, high self-esteem did not lead to narcissism. The results of this study shows the importance of considering dynamic properties of the self when considering the relevance of self-esteem.<br>

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.46.120

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00297760946?from=CiNii

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap