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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/access.2021.3119582

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DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E102.A.1900

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DOI： 10.1007/s11277-019-0663S-0

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DOI： 10.2485/jhtb.28.93

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DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E102.A.1920

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

Video reranking is an effective way for improving the retrieval performance of text-based video search engines. This paper proposes a graph-based Web video search reranking method with local and global consistency analysis. Generally, the graph-based reranking approach constructs a graph whose nodes and edges respectively correspond to videos and their pairwise similarities. A lot of reranking methods are built based on a scheme which regularizes the smoothness of pairwise relevance scores between adjacent nodes with regard to a user's query. However, since the overall consistency is measured by aggregating only the local consistency over each pair, errors in score estimation increase when noisy samples are included within query-relevant videos' neighbors. To deal with the noisy samples, the proposed method leverages the global consistency of the graph structure, which is different from the conventional methods. Specifically, in order to detect this consistency, the propose method introduces a spectral clustering algorithm which can detect video groups, in which videos have strong semantic correlation, on the graph. Furthermore, a new regularization term, which smooths ranking scores within the same group, is introduced to the reranking framework. Since the score regularization is performed by both local and global aspects simultaneously, the accurate score estimation becomes feasible. Experimental results obtained by applying the proposed method to a real-world video collection show its effectiveness.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2017EDP7277

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE  

In this paper, we propose a method of embedding and detecting data in printed images with several formats, such as different resolutions and numbers of blocks, using the camera of a tablet device. To specify the resolution of an image and the number of blocks, invisible markers that are embedded in the amplitude domain of the discrete Fourier transform of the target image are used. The proposed method can increase the variety of images suitable for data embedding.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2355

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DOI： 10.1587/transfun.e100.a.2219

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In this paper, we propose an improved method of embedding and detecting data in a printed image using a camera of a mobile device. The proposed method is based on the data diffusion method. We discuss several problems in the conventional lens distortion correction method. In addition, the possibility of using multiple captured images by employing a motion-image-capturing technique is also examined. A method of selecting captured images that are expected to obtain a high detection rate is also proposed. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method is effective for improving data detection.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E99.A.2000

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

DOI： 10.1587/essfr.9.2_160b

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

In this paper, we consider a data-embedding method in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain of digital images. A bit pattern embedding method with the human visual system (HVS) and correlation-based detection have been proposed by Kino and Wada based on the watermarking scheme, which is referred to as the conventional method. In the conventional method, the capacity of embedding data depends on the potential correlation between the DWT coefficients of the host image and the watermark signal. We propose a new embedding and detection algorithm not affected by the potential correlation in order to increase the capacity of embedding data. The data-embedding and detection in the proposed method are performed by considering the absolute value of the correlation between the watermarked DWT coefficients and the watermark signal. In simulations, we show that the capacity of the embedding data in the proposed method is increased compared with the conventional method at the same PSNR value (image quality).

DOI： 10.1002/ecj.11597

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JOURNAL HARD TISSUE BIOLOGY  

Among patients who visited our hospital with a chief complaint of disorders involving the oromandibular region, with suspected carotid artery calcification based on panoramic radiography, and who underwent computed tomography for a detailed examination of these disorders, there were four patients in whom a definitive diagnosis of carotid artery calcification was made. We herein provide an overview of these cases, along with a brief review of the relevant literature. When imaging findings suggestive of carotid artery calcification are obtained on panoramic radiographs, dentists can request detailed examinations and treatment at specialized medical institutions in the early stage by providing patients with information about the risks of atherosclerotic diseases. Early detection and treatment may reduce the severity or risks of complications and damage caused by atherosclerotic diseases, as well as possibly contributing to improved quality of life. In this study, we evaluated carotid artery calcification visible on panoramic radiographs. However, it seems that further detailed analysis is needed to examine the association between carotid artery calcification and a past history of risk factors for arteriosclerosis.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper, we propose a method preventing howling from occurring by inserting a large loss into the talking circuit. Hands free telecommunication systems are generally formed by applying an acoustic echo canceler to reducing the acoustic coupling between a loudspeaker and a microphone. However, the system possibly causes the howling when the echo path change deteriorated the reduction effect of the acoustic coupling. The occurrence of the howling can be prevented by inserting a large loss into the talking circuit. Oppositely, this insertion loses the advantage of the two-way communication that is fulfilled in telecommunication system. We propose a method distinguishing between the echo path change and the double-talk and thereby restricting the insertion of the large loss only after the echo path change. Finally, we verify, using computer simulation, that the proposed method operates the hands free telecommunication system stably.

DOI： 10.1109/APCCAS.2014.7032813

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper, we propose a new method of embedding data and extracting it from a printed image. By embedding the data in a translation-invariant region of a target image, extraction of the target image from the background becomes unnecessary. Therefore, the data can be embedded at an arbitrary position in the target image. Additionally, a marker detection method using invisible markers is proposed to correct the geometrical distortion in the captured image. From our experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In this paper, we propose a step size control method capable of quickly canceling acoustic echo even when double talk continues from the echo path change. This method controls the step size by substituting the norm of the difference vector between the coefficient vectors of a main adaptive filter (Main-ADF) and a sub-adaptive filter (Sub-ADF) for the estimation error provided by the former. Actually, the number of taps of Sub-ADF is limited to a quarter of that of Main-ADF, and the larger step size than that applied to Main-ADF is given to Sub-ADF; accordingly the norm of the difference vector quickly approximates to the estimation error. The estimation speed can be improved by utilizing the norm of the difference vector for the step size control in Main-ADF. We show using speech signals that in single talk the proposed method can provide almost the same estimation speed as the method whose step size is fixed at the optimum one and verify that even in double talk the estimation error, quickly decreases.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E96.A.1543

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE  

In information retrieval from printed images considering the use of mobile devices, the correction of geometrical deformation and lens distortion is required, posing a heavy computational burden. In this paper, we propose a method of reducing the computational burden for such corrections. This method consists of improved extraction to find a line segment of a frame, the reconsideration of the interpolation method for image correction, and the optimization of image resolution in the correction process. The proposed method can reduce the number of computations significantly. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E96.A.2194

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE  

In this paper, we propose an improved data embedding and extraction method for information retrieval considering the use of mobile devices. Although the conventional method has demonstrated good results for images captured by cellular phones, some problems remain with this method. One problem is the lack of consideration of the construction of the code grouping in the code grouping method. In this paper, a new construction method for code grouping is proposed, and it is shown that a suitable grouping of the codes can be found. Another problem is the correction method of lens distortion, which is time-consuming. Therefore, to improve the processing speed, the golden section search method is adopted to estimate the distortion coefficients. In addition, a new tuning algorithm for the gain coefficient in the embedding process is also proposed. Experimental results show an increase in the detection rate for embedding data and a reduction of the processing time. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E96.A.1214

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In this paper, we propose a normalization method dividing the gradient vector by the sum of the diagonal and two adjoining elements of the matrix expressing the correlation between the components of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the reference signal used for the identification of unknown system. The proposed method can thereby improve the estimation speed of coefficients of adaptive filter.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E95.A.2041

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of shortening the distance from a noise detection microphone to a loudspeaker in active noise control system with non-minimum phase secondary path. The distance can be basically shortened by forming the noise control filter, which produces the secondary noise provided by the loudspeaker, with the cascade connection of a non-recursive filter and a recursive filter. The output of the recursive filter, however, diverges even when the secondary path includes only a minimum phase component. In this paper, we prevent the divergence by utilizing MINT (multi-input/output inverse theorem) method increasing the number of secondary paths than that of primary paths. MINT method, however, requires a large scale inverse matrix operation, which increases the processing cost. We hence propose a method reducing the processing cost. Actually, MINT method has only to be applied to the non-minimum phase components of the secondary paths. We hence extract the non-minimum phase components and then apply MINT method only to those. The order of the inverse matrix thereby decreases and the processing cost can be reduced. We finally show a simulation result demonstrating that the proposed method successfully works.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E95.A.1109

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-29934-6_17

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We propose a two-channel adaptive algorithm efficiently utilizing independent components slightly involved in reference signals. In active noise control systems, the conventional methods of adding independent components to the reference signals or deliberately changing the correlation between the reference signals are inapplicable, because the reference signals are only detected by noise detection microphones. We have hence presented an adaptive algorithm that does not require the addition of the independent components or the deliberate change to the reference signals. However, this algorithm has three drawbacks. The first is that one of the convergence conditions is described by unmeasurable signals. The second is that pre-estimation of the reference signal power ratio is required. The third is that unknown acoustic paths cannot be identified when the reference signals have high cross-correlation between different sample times. In this work, we derive a new algorithm without the drawbacks and verify, using computer simulations, that the derived algorithm can successfully identify the unknown acoustic paths. The two-channel active noise control system using the simultaneous equations method is thereby expected to provide a high noise reduction effect. © 2012 The Acoustical Society of Japan.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.33.339

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Estimation of a suitable window shape and appropriate weights in weighted median filters is one of important problems. In this study, we formulate the design of weighted median filter as an optimization problem, and estimate optimal filters directly from degraded images. In our previous work, we estimated optimal window shapes and weights by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a fixed size of window as a constraint in optimization. To determine an appropriate window size is difficult but essential since it depends on both a type of texture and a noise rate. Here, we optimize weighted median filters without the constraint in the size of filters. Numerical experiments show that our method design a filter with a suitable size to both a size of pattern in textures and the noise rates. In addition, we compare the designed filters with the filters obtained by conventional supervised design and another unsupervised design methods.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper, we propose a multimodal biometrics authentication method using features of an utterance. The proposed authentication method authenticates persons using image and voice signals. Hence, the proposed method can be realized with only a camera and microphone to extract the lip area and voice without the special equipment used in other personal authentication methods and can easily change the registration data. Moreover, the proposed authentication method can provide a key function to the registered phrase of the utterance. In the proposed method, the edges and texture in the mouth are used as image features, and pitch and spectrum envelope are used as voice features. Authentication is realized by classifiers generated by AdaBoost, classifiers are generated for the voice-and image-processing parts. Moreover, each classifier is weighted according to the corresponding confidence and then the final authentication score is calculated. Hence, the proposed method can provide valid authentication results in various environments. Experimental results demonstrate that multimodal processing in the proposed method is more effective than monomodal (only image or voice) processing.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

A method of estimating dual primitives in a textural image is proposed. This method is based on the Primitive, Grain, and Point Configuration (PGPC) texture model, which regards a texture as an arrangement of grains derived from one or a few primitives. Appropriate primitives can be represented by morphological structuring elements estimated from a texture. Conventional primitive estimation methods estimate only one primitive from each textural image. However, they do not work well on textural images that contain more than one basic structure, since two or more types of grain cannot be generated from only one primitive. The proposed method simultaneously estimates two optimal structuring elements of a texture. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides more representative estimations than the conventional method.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E94.A.1165

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

For copyright protection, a watermark signal is embedded in host images with a secret key, and a correlation is applied to judge the presence of watermark signal in the watermark detection. This paper treats a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based image watermarking method under specified false positive probability. We propose a new watermarking method to improve the detection performance by using not only positive correlation but also negative correlation. Also we present a statistical analysis for the detection performance with taking into account the false positive probability and prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. By using some experimental results, we verify the statistical analysis and show this method serves to improve the robustness against some attacks.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E94.A.661

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of shortening the distance from a noise detection microphone to a loudspeaker, which is one of important issues in the field of active noise control (ANC). In the ANC system, the secondary noise provided by the loudspeaker is required arriving at an error microphone simultaneously with the primary noise to be cancelled. However, the reverberation involved in the secondary path from the loudspeaker to the error microphone increases the secondary noise components arriving later than the primary noise. The late components are not only invalid for canceling the primary noise but also impede the cancellation. To reduce the late components, the distance between the noise detection microphone and the loud speaker is generally extended. The proposed method differently reduces the late components by forming the noise control filter, which produces the secondary noise, with the cascade connection of a non-recursive and a recursive filters. The distance can be thus shortened. On the other hand, the recursive filter is required to work stably. The proposed method guarantees the stable work by forming the recursive filter with the lattice filter whose coefficients are restricted to less than unity. Copyright © 2011 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E94.A.1899

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this paper, we propose a step size control method capable of quickly canceling acoustic echo even when double talk continues from echo path change. This method controls the step size by substituting the difference between the coefficients of a main adaptive filter (Main-ADF) and a sub-adaptive filter (Sub-ADF) for the estimation error in the former. Actually, the number of taps of Sub-ADF is limited to a quarter of that of Main-ADF, and moreover another simplified step size control is applied to Sub-ADF
accordingly the difference quickly approximates the estimation error. The estimation speed can be improved by utilizing the difference for the step size control. We show using speech signals that in single talk the proposed method can provide almost the same estimation speed as the method whose step size is fixed at the optimum one and verify that even in double talk the estimation error quickly decreases. © 2011 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/HSCMA.2011.5942391

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In the design of reproduction operators of genetic algorithm (GA), it is important to consider the inheritance and acquisition of characteristics especially in solving combinatorial problems. Genetic multistep search, deterministic Multi-step Crossover Fusion (dMSXF) and deterministic Multi-step Mutation Fusion (dMSMF) are effective crossover methods in single-objective combinatorial problems; the former exploits parents' characteristics and the latter explores outside the distribution of the population. In this paper, we extend these crossovers for multiobjective optimization problems. A selection strategy focusing on a dominance relation of solution sets for dMSXF and dMSMF is introduced to obtain non-dominated solutions that well approximates the Pareto front. We show the effectiveness of dMSXF and dMSMF in multiobjective NK models and examine their performance against increase in landscape complexity by tuning epistasis intensity.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In this paper we propose an unsupervised method of optimizing structuring elements (SEs) used for impulse noise reduction in texture images through the opening operation which is one of the morphological operations. In this method a genetic algorithm (GA) which can effectively search wide search spaces is applied and the size of the shape of the SE is included in the design variables. Through experiments it is shown that our new approach generally outperforms the conventional method.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E93.A.2196

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DOI： 10.1587/transfun.e93.a.2098

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Language：English   Publisher：ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

In this paper, we verify the performance of multiple-channel active noise control systems using the simultaneous equations method. This method has the advantage that it can automatically recover the noise reduction effect degraded by acoustic path changes. The method is hence applied to single-channel systems, and also it is shown that the method results in better performances than the filtered-x algorithm. In this paper, we extend the method to multiple-channel active noise control systems and verify the performance of the extended method by using impulse responses measured with an experimental system. The extended method is applied to a 1-2-2 system, consisting of one noise detection microphone, two loudspeakers and two error microphones, and to a 2-2-2 system including two noise detection microphones, resulting in noise reductions of 14 and 18 dB, respectively. This result demonstrates that the simultaneous equations method well works also for multiple-channel systems.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.31.213

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00350325525?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INT INST ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of shortening the distance from a noise detection microphone to an error microphone, called primary path in the field of active noise control (ANC). In the ANC system, the secondary noise provided by a loudspeaker is required arriving at the error microphone simultaneously with the primary noise to be cancelled. However, the reverberation involved in the secondary path from the loudspeaker to the error microphone increases the secondary noise components arriving later than the primary noise. The late components are not only invalid for canceling the primary noise but also impede the cancellation. The proposed method reduces the late components by forming the noise control filter, which produces the secondary noise, with the cascade connection of a non-recursive and a recursive filters. The distance can be thereby shortened. The problem is that it is difficult to guarantee the stable performance to the recursive filter. We solve the problem by forming the recursive filter with the lattice filter whose coefficients are restricted to less than unity. We have already proposed an adaptive algorithm for estimating the reflection coefficients, which can be applied to the estimation in the proposed method. In this study, the simultaneous equation method is used for the derivation of the cascade connection, and thereby the noise reduction effect degraded by path changes can be automatically recovered. We finally verify the performance of the proposed method by using computer simulations. According the simulation results, the distance from the noise detection microphone to the error microphone can be reduced to zero when the secondary path satisfies the minimum phase condition.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we propose a sound field creation system based on the simultaneous equations method used for active noise control systems. Conventional studies on such sound field creation mainly focus on the transaural system reproducing recorded signals at the listening points. We differently purpose a system that creates the same sound field as that of a target. In the proposed system, inverse filters forming the target sound field are derived by using the simultaneous equations method, which is characterized by the use of auxiliary filters in estimating the error between the created and the target sounds. The auxiliary filters can also be used for detecting the deficiency in the number of taps of the inverse filters and in the delays to be added to the target sound field. The latter not only increases the error but also generates echoes preceding the created sound, which is annoying to listeners. In this paper, we finally verify the performance of the proposed system and also that the insufficiency can be detected by monitoring the coefficients of the auxiliary filter, by computer simulations. © 2010 The Acoustical Society of Japan.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.31.337

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

On the use of a surveillance camera, there is a case where privacy protection should be considered. This paper proposes a new privacy protection method by automatically degrading the face region in surveillance images. The proposed method consists of ROI coding of JPEG2000 and a face detection method based on template matching. The experimental result shows that the face region can be detected and hidden correctly.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E92.A.2858

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm for identifying unknown systems containing nonlinear amplitude characteristics. Usually, the nonlinearity is so small as to be negligible. However, in low cost systems, such as acoustic echo canceller using a small loudspeaker, the nonlinearity, deteriorates the performance of the identification. Several methods preventing the deterioration, polynomial or Volterra series approximations, have been hence proposed and studied. However, the conventional methods require high processing cost. In this paper, we propose a method approximating the nonlinear characteristics with a piecewise linear curve and show using computer simulations that the performance can be extremely improved. The proposed method can also reduce the processing cost to only about twice that of the linear adaptive filter system.

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.E92.A.1129

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Recently, several data extraction methods from data embedding printing images by using cellular phones with a camera have been proposed. In these techniques, consideration for geometrical deformation and lens distortion in the data extraction process is essential. This paper proposes new correction algorithm based on line based correction (LBR) and projective transformation to the scanning of the printing images for reduction of the geometrical deformation by the camera. This method can be applied to both of barrel distortion and pincushion one. To increase the amount of embedding data, a new data embedding method in which the codes for data embedding are changed according to the embedding data is also proposed. From experimental results, effectiveness of the proposed method for the color image is shown.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a method for shortening the distance from a noise detection microphone to a loudspeaker forming the feedforward type of active noise control (ANC) system. In the ANC system, the primary noise detected by the noise detection microphone and the secondary noise provided by the loudspeaker is required simultaneously arriving at another microphone, called error microphone, monitoring the effect of the active noise control. However, the reverberation involved in the secondary path from the loudspeaker to the error microphone increase the secondary noise components arriving later than the primary noise. The late components are not only invalid for cancelling the primary noise but also impede the cancellation. This paper hence proposes a method reducing the components by forming the noise control filter synthesizing the secondary noise with the cascade connection of an infinite and a finite impulse response filters. The distance can be thereby shortened.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

This paper proposes a method for shortening the distance from a noise detection microphone to a loudspeaker forming the feedforward type of active noise control (ANC) system. In the ANC system, the primary noise detected by the noise detection microphone and the secondary noise provided by the loudspeaker is required simultaneously arriving at another microphone, called error microphone, monitoring the effect of the active noise control. However, the reverberation involved in the secondary path from the loudspeaker to the error microphone increase the secondary noise components arriving later than the primary noise. The late components are not only invalid for cancelling the primary noise but also impede the cancellation. This paper hence proposes a method reducing the components by forming the noise control filter synthesizing the secondary noise with the cascade connection of an infinite and a finite impulse response filters. The distance can be thereby shortened. ©2009 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ISCIT.2009.5341172

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Recently, several image retrieval systems have been developed, which regard the web as a large scale image database. In this study, we use the image itself as index keys. From the web, a set of similar images is retrieved based on numerical characteristics of images and simultaneously text information accompanying with the images is presented to a user. The user evaluates the relationship between the images and the presented text information and it is fed back to the system for improvement. This paper presents a basic scheme of the proposed system and a prototype system for the selection of the car's shape.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

JPEG2000 still image coding standard has a feature called Region of Interest (ROI) coding. This feature can encode a restricted region in an image prior to than its background (BG) region. In low bit rate compression, the code of the ROI region occupies the most of the bit stream in the whole image and it causes the serious deterioration of the image quality in the BG region. This paper proposes a new image quality control method between the ROI region and the BG one by the one time encoding process and it can achieve more detailed image quality control. The use of ROI masks in the encoder makes it possible. The standard decoder of JPEG2000 part 1 can decode the encoded data in the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.4.998

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Estimation of a suitable window shape and appropriate weights in weighted median filters is one of important problems. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised design method for the window shapes and weights of weighted median filters. This technique is applied to texture images corrupted by impulse noise. As the performance measure for optimization by simulated annealing, rank-ordered absolute differences (ROAD) statistic is used for the estimation of the window shapes and weights, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed method can design the weighted median filters with almost same performance compared to the one by the supervised technique.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

A data embedding to printed images has become an important issue for several applications. In this paper, we assume an original image to be known and the server based data retrieval model, and a new method for the data embedding to the printed images is proposed. For data embedding to printed image, a method using spread spectrum technique has already been proposed. However, there are two problems in this method. One is the small number of data bits and another is misdetection due to the distortion and noise by printing and image capturing. In this paper, we proposed the use of "Walsh code" for diffusion code to increase the number of data bits. This can be also applied to the improvement of the detection process. This technique gives the tolerance to some distortions and noises. In the detection processing, a captured image is forwarded to the server which holds the original image and the embedded data is detected in it. Therefore, the improvement of the detection process by using original image is proposed. As a result, more data embedding and more accurate detection becomes possible than the conventional method.

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DOI： 10.1093/ietfec/e90-a.3.545

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

A simultaneous equations method is one of active noise control algorithms without estimating an error path. This algorithm requires identification of a transfer function from a reference microphone to an error microphone containing the effect of a noise control filter. It is achieved by system identification of an auxiliary filter. However, the introduction of the auxiliary filter requires more number of samples to obtain the noise control filter and brings a requirement of some undesirable assumption in the multiple channel case. In this paper, a new simultaneous equations method without the identification of the auxiliary filter is proposed. By storing a small number of input signals and error signals, we avoid this identification. Therefore, we can reduce the number of samples to obtain the noise control filters and can avoid the undesirable assumption. From simulation examples, it is verified that the merits of the ordinary method is also retained in the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.4.960

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we propose a method for repeatedly updating the coefficients of the feedback control filter used for canceling a feedback path from a loudspeaker to a noise detection microphone. The coefficients are usually estimated by feeding a sequence of extra noise to the loudspeaker. However, feeding such extra noise under active noise control is undesirable. The proposed method estimates the coefficients without feeding the extra noise. Concretely the proposed method provides two independent equations using the estimation errors involved in the coefficients of the noise control filter and then estimates the coefficients by solving those equations. One problem is that the feedback component is extremely small in comparison with the primary noise incident on the noise detection microphone. In this case, estimation of the coefficients is difficult. In this work. we solves this problem by estimating first the primary noise and then the feedback path.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.27.264

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

JPEG2000 has a feature called Region of Interest (ROI). This feature can encode a restricted region in an image prior to its background (BG) region. In low bit rate compression, the code of the ROI region occupies the most part of the bit stream for the whole image by the rate control processing. To solve this problem, several progressive image quality control methods between the ROI and BG regions have been proposed. However they cannot realize fine relative image quality control between the ROI and BG region. This paper proposes a fine control method by one-path processing. The standard decoder of JPEG 2000 part 1 can decode the coded data.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this study, we verify the performance of the simultaneous equations method using an experimental active noise control system. The simultaneous equations method is based on a priciple different from the filtered-x algorithm requiring a filter modeled on a secondary path from a loudspeaker to an error microphone. Instead of the filter, called the secondary path filter, this method uses an auxiliary filter identifying the overall path consisting of a primary path, a noise control filter and the secondary path. As inferred from the configuration of the overall path, the auxiliary filter can provide two independent equations when two different coefficient vectors are given to the noise control filter. The method thereby estimates the coefficient vector of the noise control filter minimizing the output of the error microphone. In this paper, we propose the application of a frequency domain adaptive algorithm to the identification of the overall path. An improvement in the noise reduction speed is thereby expected. In this paper, we also present computer simulation results demonstrating that the simultaneous equations method can automatically recover the noise reduction effect degraded by path changes, and finally, using an experimental system, we indicate that the method successfully works in practical systems.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.27.270

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes an improvement method for a data embedding technique to printing images. This embedding technique is based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and pseudo number (PN) sequences. In the conventional method, deformations, such as rotation and scaling have given a serious defect to the extraction rate. To solve this problem, a new data embedding position and the processing by the resolution of scanner itself are applied. The gain control method is also improved. From the comparison between the proposed and conventional methods, the improvement of the extraction rate in the proposed method is shown.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

For multiple-channel active noise control (ANC) systems, distributed systems consisting of more than one controller are useful. In this paper, we propose a performance improvement algorithm for the distributed multiple-channel ANC system based on the simultaneous equations method. In the proposed algorithm, no estimation of error paths is required. This algorithm can provide good performance in canceling primary noises with auto-/cross-correlations and achieve stable noise reduction under a change of the error paths.

DOI： 10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.7.1760

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

The reference signals used in a multichannel system are usually strongly crosscorrelated. Preprocessing is normally added to reduce the crosscorrelation between the reference signals because this correlation makes estimating the adaptive filter coefficients difficult. However, this preprocessing is equivalent to warping the reference signals. The transmission of these warped reference signals to an unknown system hinders the essential system operation. On the other hand, it is necessary for uncorrelated components between the reference signals to exist when estimating the adaptive filter coefficients. Preprocessing that increases the ratio of these components is important in improving the convergence characteristics. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that does not transmit preprocessed reference signals to an unknown system, but only uses them to estimate the adaptive filter coefficients, and explain the design conditions needed to implement this algorithm. In other words, with the condition of not increasing the estimation errors, we derive the optimum values of the coefficients that reduce the correlation between the reference signals, which is a feature of this algorithm, and verify its effectiveness in simulations. By employing the proposed algorithm, improvements in the convergence characteristics can be designed without affecting the essential operation of the system. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.20092

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

A simultaneous equations method is one of active noise control algorithms without estimating an error path. This algorithm requires identification of a transfer function from a reference microphone to an error microphone containing the effect of a noise control filter. It is achieved by system identification of an auxiliary filter. As a result, the amount of computation is increased. In this paper, a new simultaneous equations method without the identification of the auxiliary filter is proposed. By storing a small number of an input signal and an error signal, we avoid this identification. Therefore, the amount of computation can be reduced by approximately 25% and same noise reduction performance with an ordinary method is obtained. From simulation examples, it is verified that the merits of the ordinary method is retained in the proposed method.

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2004.04.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

A multiple channel active noise control (ANC) system with several secondary sources, error sensors, and reference sensors has been used for complicated noise fields. Centralized multiple channel ANC systems have been proposed, however implementation of such systems becomes difficult according to increase of control points. Distributed multiple channel ANC systems which have more than a controller are considered. This paper proposes a new implementation of distributed multiple channel ANC systems based on simultaneous equations methods. In the proposed algorithm, communications between controllers are permitted to distribute the computational burden and to improve the performance of noise reduction. This algorithm shows good performances for noise cancellation and tracking of changes in the error paths.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

This paper deals with the analysis and minimization of L-2-sensitivity for three-dimensional state-space digital filters which are separable in the denominator. First, a novel expression for evaluating the L-2-sensitivity is developed in closed form. An iterative procedure for synthesizing the optimal filter structures is then presented so as to minimize the L-2-sensitivity. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a novel edge-preserving adaptive weighted mean filter using fuzzy clustering. An input vector in the filter mask is classified according to predefined clusters and the membership values corresponding to all clusters are obtained. The filter output is given by the weighted sum of the membership values with the inner products of the input vector with weight vectors according to the clusters. The proposed filter can reduce mixed noises with preserving edges satisfactory, because a fuzzy clustering flexibly classifies ambiguous local image information and adaptively controles filter weights.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

This paper presents a frequency domain simultaneous equations method capable of automatically recovering noise reduction effect degraded by secondary path changes. The simultaneous equations method has been studied, first in time domain. Accordingly to the study, in the time domain, the simultaneous equations method requires an additional filter and a system identification circuit used for transforming the solution of the simultaneous equations into the coefficients of noise control filter, which increase the processing cost. To reduce the processing cost, this paper studies on the application of a frequency domain processing technique, the cross spectrum method, to the simultaneous equations method. By directly applying the equation defining the cross spectrum method to the solution, the additional filter becomes unnecessary. In addition, the system identification circuit is replaced with the inverse Fourier transform. Thereby, the processing cost drastically decreases. This paper also presents simulation results to confirm that the proposed method can automatically recover the noise reduction effect degraded by a path change and provides much higher convergence speed than that of the filtered-x NLMS algorithm with the perfectly modeled secondary path filter.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Elimination of mixed noise consisting of white Gaussian noise and impulsive noise is one of the important problems in image processing. In this paper, a data-dependent α-trimmed mean filter using backpropagation networks is proposed. In order to determine an appropriate value of α for each processing point, the pattern classification capability of the backpropagation networks is used. Further, by processing taking into account the edge portions, both edge preservation and mixed noise elimination are attained simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.10061

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DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.1135

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

A filter using fuzzy inference has been proposed as a noise reduction filter for images with superposed mixed noise and its effectiveness has been demonstrated. When fuzzy inference is used, the optimization of its parameters is often a problem. For instance, Takashima and colleagues have proposed a configuration consisting of a cascaded connection of fuzzy controllers for impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. It is difficult to carry out optimization of both fuzzy controllers at the same time. In this paper, an optimization method is proposed for fuzzy controllers cascaded or connected in a layered manner. This method is applied to the fuzzy controller in the edge-preserving non-linear filter proposed by Takashima. In this way the structure is extended to a tunable filter. From the simulation results, it is found that the proposed method is effective for performance enhancement of the filter and is also effective for adjustment of fuzzy controllers connected in a layered manner. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

A model for texture description, called "Primitive and Point Configuration (PPC) texture model," and an estimation method of the primitive, which is an elementary object for configuring a texture, are proposed in this paper. The PPC texture model regards that a texture is composed by arranging grains that are derived from one or a few primitives by some modification. The primitive shape is estimated by the principle that the primitive resembling the grains best should be the optimal estimation. This estimation is achieved by finding the structuring element that minimizes the integral of the size distribution function of a target texture.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

This paper proposes a realization of a two-dimensional adaptive state-space filter for parallel processing using state-space model with a general form. For the modeling of the filter, a generalized model realized for parallel processing is used and the conventional denominator-separation type model is extended. Further, the LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm is used to construct an adaptive algorithm and its processing speed and computational effort are evaluated. By means of this method, the hardware content can be reduced while the processing speed is maintained almost the same as in the complete generalized model. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the present method, an example is presented in which a two-dimensional adaptive filter is applied to the spatial domain design as a system identification problem. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.10019

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

A new technique for designing adaptive state-space digital filters using stable filter structures is developed. First, the coefficient sensitivites are related to intermediate transfer functions in order to generate gradient signals. Next, the LMS algorithm is applied to construct adaptive state-space digital filters with new systems to generate gradient signals. To illustrate the validity of the proposed technique, a numerical example is given. In the example, the comparison between the proposed and conventional adaptive filters is presented.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

This paper proposes a new method to reduce sinusoidal noise components whose frequencies are known. The new method is based on the simultaneous equations technique. The technique does riot require the secondary path filter: thereby the automatic recovering of the noise reduction effect deteriorated by secondary path changes becomes possible. This paper also presents computer simulation results to examine the performance of the new method.

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白色ガウス性雑音とインパルス性雑音からなる混合雑音の除去は，画像処理において重要な問題の一つである．本論文では，対向伝搬ネットワークを利用したデータ依存型$\alpha$-Trimmed平均値フィルタを提案する。ここでは，処理点ごとに適切な$\alpha$の値を決定するために，対向伝搬ネットワークのパターン分類能力を利用している．さらにエッジ部分を考慮した処理を行い，エッジ保存と混合雑音除去の両立を可能にしている．最後にシミュレーションによって，提案手法の有効性を検証している．

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プリンタなどの同時発色数の少ないデバイスに，多階調のディジタル画像を出力する機会は多い．このような場合，擬似的に階調を生成するハーフトーン処理が行われる．この中でも，高画質が得られるものとして誤差拡散法や平均濃度近似法が知られているが，画像のエッジ付近でセグメントと呼ばれる等色領域が発生したり，歪みがおこる場合がある．本論文では，平均濃度近似法の枠組みに基づき，まず歪みが発生する原因を明らかにし，その結果に基づいてアルゴリズムを改良することにより，エッジ付近での歪みやクラスタが発生しない手法について提案する．提案手法は簡単に多値出力画像やカラー画像の処理に適用できる．

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DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.1132

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DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.1093

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

For complicated noise fields, a multiple channel active noise control (ANC) system with several secondary sources, error sensors, and reference sensors is required. A multiple error filtered-X (MEFX) algorithm is developed for an adaptive algorithm in the multiple channel ANC system. This algorithm requires a previous estimation of the error paths. However, the characteristics of the error paths should be assumed to change during the operation of the system. This paper proposes a control algorithm for the multiple channel ANC system without the previous estimation of the error paths. This algorithm becomes an extension of the simultaneous equations method proposed for the single channel ANC system. In the proposed method, the good performances for noise cancellation and tracking of the changes in the error paths are achived.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：C S I R O  

A novel method of texture primitive description using morphological skeleton is proposed. The skeleton of an object has the property that it is reduced to one point when the structuring element used for the skeletonization is exactly hornothetic to the object. This method applies this property. This method minimizes the number of pixels contained in the skeleton. If we assume that-the texture is composed of one primitive, the structuring element minimizing the number of pixels is homothetic to the primitive of the texture because of the above property of the skeleton. Simulated annealing is employed for the minimization. This method has an advantage that it requires no assumption on the sizing distribution of grains in the texture.

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本論文では，一般形状態空間モデルを用いた2次元適応状態空間フィルタの並列処理向き実現を提案している．フィルタのモデルには，並列処理向きに実現された一般形モデルを用い，従来の分母分離形モデルからの拡張を行なっている．更に，LMS(Least Mean Square)アルゴリズムを用いて適応アルゴリズムを構成し，その処理速度および計算量の評価を行なっている．本手法を用いることによって，完全な一般形モデルと比べて，処理速度をほぼ同等に保ちながらハードウェア量を軽減することができる．最後に，本手法の有効性を検証するために，システム同定問題として2次元ディジタルフィルタの空間領域設計に応用した例を示す．

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

The sub-recursive least squares (sub-RLS) algorithm estimates the coefficients of adaptive filter under the least squares (LS) criterion, however, does not require the calculation of inverse matrix. The sub-RLS algorithm, based on the different principle from the RLS algorithm, still provides a convergence property similar to that of the RLS algorithm. This paper first rewrites the convergence condition of the sub-RLS algorithm, and then proves that the convergence property of the sub-RLS algorithm successively approximates that of the RLS algorithm on the convergence condition.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

The normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm has the drawback that the convergence speed of adaptive filter coefficients decreases when the reference signal has high auto-correlation. A technique to improve the convergence speed is to apply the decorrelated reference signal to the calculation of the gradient defined in the NLMS algorithm. So far, only the effect of the improvement is experimentally examined. The convergence property of the adaptive algorithm to which the technique is applied is not analized yet enough. This paper first defines a cost function properly representing the criterion to estimate the coefficients of adaptive Biter. The name given in this paper to the adaptive algorithm exploiting the decorrelated reference signal,'normalized least mean EE '' algorithm, exactly expresses the criterion. This adaptive algorithm estimates the coefficients so as to minimize the product of E and E ' that are the differences between the responses of the unknown system and the adaptive filter to the original and the decorrelated reference signals, respectively. By using the cost function, this paper second specifies the convergence condition of the normalized least mean EE ' algorithm and finally presents computer simulations, which are calculated using real speech signal, to demonstrate the validity of the convergence condition.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

This paper presents a new implementation of fuzzy filters for edge-preserving smoothing of an image corrupted by impulsive and white Gaussian noise. This filter structure is expressed as an adaptive weighted mean filter that uses fuzzy control. The parameters of this filter can be adjusted by learning. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

This paper proposes a new hybrid active noise control (ANC) system without the estimation of the secondary path filter in advance. The algorithm of the feedforward part of the proposed method is based on the simultaneous equations method and the feedback part employs the filtered-X LMS algorithm. The estimation of the secondary path filter is obtained in the operation of the feedforward part and it is used in the feedback part. When the secondary path changes in the operation of the system, the proposed system can follow to this change. In the simulation example which treats the colored measurement noise, the fine noise reduction performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/1520-6440(200103)84:3<42::AID-ECJC5>3.0.CO;2-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

To achieve an edge-preserving noise reduction for mixed noise, several filters that employ a fuzzy controller have been proposed. The optimization method of parameters in the fuzzy controller is one of the problem for these filters that have cascade connected or layered connected fuzzy controllers. Tn this paper, the tuning method of parameters in these types of the fuzzy controller is developed and is applied to the edge-preserving noise reduction fuzzy filter proposed by Takashima et al. Then a new edge-preserving noise reduction filter whose parameters can be optimized by learning is obtained. Simulation result shows the resulting filter can sufficiently improve the noise reduction performance of the original filter.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes an implementation for switching median filters using counter propagation networks. The proposed filter consists of an impulse detector based on the counter propagation networks and a median filter. The median filter only removes the impulse noise marked by the impulse detector and isn't applied to the other pixels.By using the proposed method, we can achieve to reduce the impulsive noise and keep the edges and details in an image.For the impulse noise with high probability, this filter can be used repeatedly, then the noise can eliminate efficiently.Finally, several examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposedtechnique.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

For complicated noise fields, a multiple channel active noise control (ANC) system with several secondary sources, error sensors, and reference sensors is required. A multiple error filtered-X (MEFX) algorithm is developed for an adaptive algorithm in the multiple channel ANC system. This algorithm requires a previous estimation of the error paths. However, the characteristics of the error paths should be assumed to change during the operation of the system. This paper proposes a control algorithm for the multiple channel ANC system without the previous estimation of the error paths. This algorithm becomes an extension of the simultaneous equations method proposed for the single channel ANC system. In the proposed method, the good performances for noise cancellation and tracking of the changes in the error paths are achived.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A new type of adaptive center weighted median filters is developed for impulsive noise reduction of an image without the degradation of an original signal. The weight in the proposed filter is decided by the weight controller based on counter propagation networks. This controller classifies an input vector into some cluster according to its feature and gives the weight corresponding to the cluster. The parameters in the weight controller are adjustable by using the learning algorithm. The degradation of the original signal can be reduced by the proposed technique. An example is also given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique. (C) 2000 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a new adaptive error diffusion method using fuzzy reasoning. The error diffusion method with raster scanning makes a uniform region around a step edge and it causes an excess edge enhancement phenomenon. If the gain of the filter coefficients can be changed in step edge regions, we can avoid such a effect. In the proposed method, the filter coefficients are adjusted by using fuzzy rules based on the difference the pixel values of the processing point and the other points in the filter mask. Therefore, the coefficients of the filter can be controlled suitably in the step edge region. Finally, simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858759

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6440(199904)82:4<38::AID-ECJC5>3.0.CO;2-3

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/(sici)1520-6440(199906)82:6<46::aid-ecjc6>3.0.co;2-s

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This paper proposes a novel realization of nonlinear filters suitable for the edge-preserving smoothing of an image degraded by a mixed noise environment composed of the the Gaussian and impulsive noises. This filter consists of a layered neural network and a median filter. By using layered neural networks, the parameters of the proposed filter can adapt itself to the various noisy environments through the learning of a training image. The training method of the parameter of response functions is also proposed. These parameters have important effects for the performance of the proposed filters. An example is shown to illustrate the utility of the proposed filter. (C) 1998 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This paper proposes a realization of two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters using affine projection method. The convergence property of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the 2-D least mean square (LMS) and normalized LIMS (NLMS) algorithms. This algorithm has properties that lie between those of NLMS and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms. The convergence of this filter can be proved. The generalization of the proposed algorithm is also discussed. To illustrate the utility of the proposed technique, this filter is applied to the 2-D system identification. (C) 1998 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A novel technique for edge-preserving smoothing is developed bq, using median mean neural hybrid filters. This filter structure is represented by the cascade connection of a median filter, a mean filter and a neural network. This filter can adapt itself to the various noise environment through the learning of a training image. In the case Ir he, e a priori data such a training image is unavailable, this filter, can be efficiently applied to edge-preserving smoothing for the images degraded by the Gaussian and impulsive noises. Moreover, the structure of the proposed filter is very simple. Finally, the simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed filters. (C) 1998 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6432(199801)81:1<47::AID-ECJB6>3.0.CO;2-5

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6440(199806)81:6<52::AID-ECJC6>3.0.CO;2-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a realization of two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters using affine projection method. The convergence property of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the 2-D least mean square (LMS) and normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithms. This algorithm has properties that lie between those of NLMS and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms. The generalization of the proposed algorithm is also discussed. To illustrate the utility of the proposed technique, this filter is applied to the 2-D system identification.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a new type of edge-preserving smoothing filter to be applied to an image corrupted by impulsive and white Gaussian noise. This filter is based on a weighted mean filter having two kinds of coefficient for impulsive and white Gaussian noise. These coefficients can be varied adaptively by local features in the window. Fuzzy control laws that can be used for the implementation of the proposed filter are described. To reduce the computational burden, the fuzzy inference model proposed by Ichihashi et al, is employed.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

Based on the Fornasini-Marchesini second model, a technique is developed for implementing two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive state-space Biters. First, the relationship between the coefficient sensitivities and the intermediate transfer functions is investigated for the Fornasini-Marehesini second model, A least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is then presented by using new systems that generate the gradient signals, Finally, a 2-D adaptive fine enhancer is constructed by using the 2-D adaptive state-space filter to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：John Wiley and Sons Inc.  

This paper proposes a novel type of edge-preserving smoothing filter to be applied to an image corrupted by impulsive and white Gaussian noise. This filter is based on a weighted mean filter having two kinds of coefficient for impulsive and white Gaussian noise. These coefficients can be varied adaptively by local features in the window. Fuzzy control laws that can be used for the implementation of the proposed filter are described. To reduce the computational burden, the fuzzy inference model proposed by Ichihashi and coworkers is employed. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique by using results from a simulation. 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6440(199710)80:10<19::AID-ECJC3>3.0.CO;2-N

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

A new 2-D neural hybrid filter that combines a layered median filter with adaptive-window linear filters is described. The filter can eliminate both impulsive and. Gaussian noise and has good edge preservation characteristics, owing in particular to the 3-point layered median filter design. The size of the adaptive windows is maximized in regions where the neighboring pixel values differ relatively little from that at the working point. The design yields effective noise removal without edge degradation, and learning by the neural network allows the filter to adapt to image characteristics.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

This paper proposes a method for realizing two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive filters by applying a one-dimensional (1-D) recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. First, by applying a 1-D RLS algorithm along horizontal and vertical directions, a novel 2-D adaptive algorithm is developed. ft is shown that the amount of calculations in the proposed algorithm is less than that in the misting 2-D RLS algorithm. Moreover, the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm and its relation to the conventional 2-D RLS algorithm are investigated. A method far accelerating the rate of convergence of the algorithm using a priori estimation error also is described.
The proposed filter has good performance in nonstationary processes and the accuracy of convergence is better than that in the existing 2-D adaptive filters based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Therefore, the proposed filter is suitable for processing an image with strongly nonstationary characteristics. Finally, the utility of the proposed filter is illustrated by applying it to 2-D system identification under a nonstationary environment as well as noise reduction of an image.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A new type of 2-D cascade-parallel adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filters with adaptive algorithm based on the concept of back propagation method is developed. This class of filter consists of parallel blocks each of which includes all-zero (transversal) and all-pole sections in cascade form realizations. At first a 2-D cascade-parallel filter structure is introduced, then an efficient adaptive algorithm is proposed using the concept of backpropagating the desired signal. Finally, the applications of this type of 2-D adaptive IIR filters in 2-D system identification and noise reduction in an image are illustrated with numerical examples. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430791007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：I E E E  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430780105

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DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430780508

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

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A two-dimensional (2-D) IIR neural hybrid (2DINH) filter is proposed for image processing. This 2DINH filter consists of the cascade connection of a 2-D IIR linear filter followed by a neural filter. The proposed filter can be applied to smoothing for the images corrupted with Gaussian noise and/or impulsive noise and to edge detection for the images corrupted with Gaussian noise.
The parameters of a neural filter are adjustable by a learning algorithm to adapt itself to the property of an image to be processed. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed filter.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

An analytical technique is developed for designing multidimensional (M-D) separable-denominator recursive digital filters that meet, simultaneously, magnitude and phase specifications. A cubic symmetry that exists in the M-D frequency response is incorporated into the M-D filter structure. The denominator and the numerator of an M-D transfer function are designed separately. The former is used to approximate constant group delays and the latter is used to adjust an overall magnitude response. The filter is analytically designed by solving linear equations only. This serves to reduce the amount of calculations drastically. The stability of the resulting filter is always guaranteed. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.

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DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430760906

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This paper treats the coefficient sensitivity of two-dimensional (2-D) separable-denominator digital filters using the Roesser local state-space model. Two techniques suitable for 2-D separable-denominator digital filters are developed for synthesizing the filter structure with low sensitivity, one free from 1(2) scaling constraints on the state variables, and the other under the scaling constraints. In the paper, it is clarified that the filter structures with low sensitivity can be easily derived from the balanced realization. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed techniques.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A computationally efficient technique is developed for the design of two-dimensional (2-D) recursive digital filters that meet simultaneously magnitude and phase specifications. A quadrantal symmetry which exists in the 2-D frequency response is incorporated into the 2-D filter design. The denominator and the numerator of a 2-D transfer function are designed individually: the former is used to approximate the constant group delays and then the latter is used to approximate the overall magnitude response. The filter design is analytically feasible by solving linear equations only. These serve to reduce the amount of calculations drastically. The stability of the resulting filters is always guaranteed. Finally two examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430750506

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

In this paper, first, a simple 2-D IIR filter is considered based on the Roesser local state-space model. Applying this filter to image processing from four directions, it is possible to carry out smoothing, edge detection and edge emphasis without any distortion. Next, for effective noise reduction, two hybrid filters are considered. These are the combination of both IIR filters and nonlinear filters, like median filters and nueral filters. Each method has several merits about an amount of computation, flexibility and sharpness. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.

DOI： 10.11485/tvtr.16.84_7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：I E E E  

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This paper considers the 2‐D separable‐denominator digital filter, and discusses its real‐time and parallel‐processing‐oriented realization. The aim of this paper is to employ a large number of processors concurrently, and to realize a real‐time processing minimizing the data throughput delay by applying pipeline processing. More precisely, the case where the poles of the 2‐D separable‐denominator transfer function are composed of real and complex poles is considered, and two new methods of realization are presented based on the Roesser‐type local state‐space model, which is suited to the real‐time processing. It is shown that the data throughput delay in those methods is equal to the time for two multiplications and one addition, or the time for one multiplication and two additions. The processor factor and the efficiency in each realization are investigated, and the effectiveness of the realization methods are verified from the viewpoints of real‐time processing and parallel processing. Copyright © 1991 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430740808

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This paper discusses the optimal design of linear‐phase three‐dimensional (3‐D) FIR digital filters in the least‐square sense. The design procedure is as follows. The linear‐phase 3‐D polynomial which is symmetric with respect to the origin is decomposed into four polynomials from the viewpoint of the symmetry (cubic symmetry, ω1 and ω2 axes skew symmetry, ω2 and ω3, axes skew symmetry and ω1 and ω3 axes skew symmetry). Each of those resulting polynomials is then used as the filter model. Next, the filter parameters are determined analytically so as to minimize the square errors between the actual magnitude response of the filter and the ideal magnitude response. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the theory. The proposed method allows us to reduce the computational complexity in the design since it is not necessary to use various optimization procedures or to calculate the inverse matrix. The filter with the desired response can be designed in a short time. Copyright © 1991 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

DOI： 10.1002/ecjc.4430741207

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

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A technique for designing asymmetric half‐plane two‐dimensional FIR digital filters in the frequency domain is presented. This filter includes the class of causal two‐dimensional digital filters as a special case. To design a linear‐phase FIR digital filter, a mirror‐image polynomial is presented for the asymmetric half‐plane two‐dimensional digital filters. The technique has an advantage of ensuring the linear phase of the resulting filters. Moreover, it is possible to design the filter by solving a set of linear equations. Two examples, low‐pass filter and fan filter designs, are solved to illustrate the proposed technique. Copyright © 1985 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

DOI： 10.1002/ecja.4410680402

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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DOI： 10.1002/ecja.4400670105

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DOI： 10.11370/isj.58.233

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学先端科学技術推進機構  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学先端科学技術推進機構  

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In this paper, we propose a method of embedding and detecting data for a printed image with several resolutions using a camera of a mobile phone. The proposed method is based on the method which uses the block division and code diffusion. To specify the image resolution and the number of blocks, invisible markers which are embedded in the amplitude domain of discrete Fourier transform of the target image are used. The angle between the maker and x-coordinate is used for the specification of resolution and the number of blocks. The proposed method can increase the variety of the image for data embedding. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method is effective for specifying the resolution and the number of blocks in the captured image.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a feedback path estimation method utilizing the principle of the simultaneous equations method proposed by us. The feedback path is inevitably formed in active noise control system detecting reference noise with a microphone. A feedback control filter is therefore applied to canceling the feedback path and thereby preventing the occurrence of howling. The feedback path, however, cannot be completely canceled. The remainder of the cancellation changes the impulse response of the secondary path between the two outputs of the noise control filter and the error microphone. The changed secondary path is different from the original path to be estimated by feeding white noise to the loudspeaker, which conflicts with the principle of the filtered-x algorithm. The simultaneous equations method oppositely permits the change and can successfully reduce target noise if the remainder is slight. A large remainder, however, generates many non-minimum phase components in the changed secondary path, which remarkably degrades the noise reduction effect. The proposed method forms two independent equations by giving two different coefficient sets to the noise control filter and slightly adding a white noise to the output of the noise control filter. The coefficients of the feedback control filter can be estimated by solving the equations. We finally present simulation results verifying that the proposed method successfully works.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学先端科学技術推進機構  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes an improvement of an automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs based on local intensity distribution. To improve detection rates, a k-means method with constraints is used for enhancement of an estimated shape of the calcification. For the reduction of misdetection rates, a new statistics which is called "occupancy rates of local regions" is defined. The proposed method can achieve higher detection and lower misdetection rates. The experimental result shows that the improvement of the detection performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an improvement for the method of embedding and detecting data for a printed image using a camera of a mobile phone. The proposed method is based on the data diffusion method, however several points which are not investigated in the conventional method are reconsidered for improving the detection of data. In addition, the possibility of the use of plural captured images by using the motion image capturing technique is also examined. The selection of the captured images which are expected to obtain the high detection rate is proposed. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method is effective for improving the data detection.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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This paper proposes an automatic detection and tracking system for moving objects based on Kinect and PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) camera. The microphone array in Kinect is used for detecting the moving object, and the PTZ camera tracks it. In the tracking, particle filter and real adaboost are adopted. If an object is the outside of the scope of the camera, we can easily aim the scope of the camera at the object. The experimental result under the real environment shows the effectiveness of the proposed system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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In this paper, we propose a two microphone array system capable of blind dereverberation even in non-minimum phase acoustic space. The array system has the feature that the characteristics of speech signal does not influence the estimation of acoustic paths from a talker to two microphones . In this study, we apply the equation error method to the acoustic path estimation. A problem is that the common error is included in the two acoustic paths estimated by using the equation error method. In this study, we reduce the common error by applying the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm with exponentially decayed step size to the estimation. Moreover, we produce the dereverberation inverse filters by utilizing the adaptive filter system performing MINT method. The inverse matrix operation thereby becomes unnecessary. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed method by the simulation applying a speech signal noise to the sound source.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this report, we propose a dereverberation method for speech enhancement microphone array system. The reverberation can be reduced by estimating the impulse response of acoustic path and then applying the inverse filter to the enhanced speech. However, the estimation error generates unpleasant noise where the acoustic path involves some non-minimum phase component. We reduce the unpleasant noise reduce by yielding the inverse filter with an adaptive filter based on MINT method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ)  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this report, we propose a method capable of blind dereverberation by the use of two microphone array in non-minimun phase acoustic space. In the blind dereverberation, we need to estimate acoustic path by microphone input because acoustic path is unknown. We use equation error method for the acoustic path estimation, but acoustic path estimated is included common error. In this matter, exponentially-decaying stepsize in adaptive filter lead to a decrease in common error. There's MINT method for making inverse filter in non-minimum phase. By the method using adaptive filter, we can gain inverse filter without matrix calculation.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this report, we propose a method make up sound quality correction filter in microphone-array system capable of steering a null in direction of a noise source and emphasize speech. It is distorted sound of microphone-array system output, so make up sound quality correction filter using discrete Fourier transform. It is need impulse response of acoustic path for make up correction filter. We solve problem using cofficinets of adaptive filter that approximated impulse response of acoustic path.

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In this paper, we propose an unsupervised design method for optimal structuring element (SE) of morphological filters. We formulate the design of SE as an optimization problem, and estimate an optimal shape and brightness of SE directly from degraded images. We estimated an optimal shape and brightness by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Estimation of SE that can remove noise while preserving original signals is achieved by objective function that use Rank-Ordered Logarithmic Differences (ROLD) statistic for the impulse noise detection.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a new data embedding and extracting method from a printed image. By embedding the data in the translation invariant region of the target image, separation of the target image from the background becomes unnecessary. Therefore, the data can be embedded to an arbitrary position in the target image. The code grouping method is also applied to increase the amount of the embedding data. Additionally, the marker detection method in the proposed one is improved to handle the more reduced target image compared to the captured overall image. From the experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an improvement of an automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs based on local features. To reduce misdetections for the candidate region of the calcification, the proposed method is focused on the estimated shape of the calcification. Machine learning is also applied to distinguish the misdetections. A new removal method for the mandibular bone and the area below mandible is also proposed. The proposed method can reduce the misdetection of the carotid artery calcification. The experimental result shows that the improvement of the detection performance is obtained.

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a novel edge-preserving adaptive weighted mean filter using fuzzy clustering. This filter consists of non-recursive and recursive fuzzy clustering based filters. The non-recusive one is superior to the recursive one for edge preservation, otherwise the recursive one is superior to the the non-recursive one for noise reduction. Therefore the outpout of the proposed filter is selected from these filters according to a local feature which is extracted by directional difference filter (DDF). This selection improves the performance of the proposed filter significantly. Finally, simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed filter.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a steepest descent type adaptive algorithm providing higher convergence speed than the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm, for high auto-correlated reference signals. The proposed algorithm is characterized by the gradient vector formed by using the addition of the reference signal and the output obtained by applying the linear prediction error filter to that. In this paper, we first show, using computer simulation, that the proposed algorithm improves the convergence speed, and second drive the condition guaranteeing the convergence of the coefficients of the adaptive filter, and finally verify the availability of the derived that.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a biometrics authentication method using multimodal features in utterance. The multimodal features in utterance consists of lip shape (physical trait), lip motion pattern and voice pattern(behavioral trait). Therefore, the proposed method can be constructed with only a camera extracting lip area and voice without special equipment like other personal authentication methods. Moreover, the utterance phrase itself has a role of a key function by setting up an utterance phrase arbitrarily, and then the robustness of the authentication increases according to the phrase recognition which can reject an imposter with the feature similar to a registrant. In the proposed method, a lip shape and voice features are extracted with edge or texture based feature in a lip image and voice based pitch or spectrum envelope. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an improvement of the data embedding method for the printed image. The increase of the amount of embedding data is critical for the convenience of data embedding method. However the distortion by the geometrical deformation and lens distortion make it difficult and there is a tradeoff between the amount of the embedding data and the detection rate. This paper propose two types of the embedding method which have the features for the amount of embedding data and the detection rate. Through experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.

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This paper proposes a new method for identifying unknown systems expressed by the cascade arrangement of recursive and non-recursive adaptive filters. This method use equation error method. The equation method can identify the unknown system more quickly and stably than the other method. On the other hand, an identification error called bias error is caused by a disturbance superposing on the output of the unknown system. Many methods to reduce the bias error are thus proposed. This also means that the bias error can be neglected when the disturbence level is low. In such systems, the stable performance is more important issue than the bias error, especially when the synthesis of the output approximate to that of the unknown system is required for the adaptive filter. However, it is difficult to guarantee the stable performance to the recursive filter with the coefficients copied from the adaptive filter. This paper hence proposes to apply the lattice type filter to the adaptive recursive filter. This paper also verifies the performance of the proposed method by using computer simulations. The computer simulations use impluse response that is taken in the car. Therefore, this method is applied to the vehicle acoustic echo canceller can be expected.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an control method of feedback which occurs on active noise control systems. On active noise control systems, if back path occurs, the sound emitted from a speaker is detected by a noise detection microphone, therefore it causes howling, and failure of a speaker. In order to solve this problem, we use that we can calculate primary path and secondary path. In this paper, we present a method that we calculate the identification error of feedback path and feedback control filter using that result, and add the error to feedback control filter coefficient, and finally verify the validity of them by the simulations using actual impulse responses.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this study, we propose a sound source direction estimation method available for high reverberant acoustic space we also verify that the proposed method successfully work by using white noise, male speech signal, short phrase.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this study, we propose a speech enhancement microphone array system to emphasize the sound and reduce noise utilizing difference in distances from sound source for the case of noise and the speech will be coming to the microphone array from the same direction. We also verify that the proposed system successfully work by using white noise, male speech signal.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we drive the convergence condition of modified EE' algorithm normalizing the gradient vector with the power norm of reference signal. The upper limit of the step size applicable for modified EE' algorithm is equal to that of normalized least mean square algorithm where the reference signal is white noise. We verify using computer simulation that the fluctuation of the estimation error, caused by double-talk, can be reduced by applying this algorithm to acoustic echo canceller system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of reverberation rejection applying equation error method with microphone array in non-minimum phase. However, If the equation error method applies, this system contains common error. The latter problem can be solved by applying adaptive filter with exponentially-attenuated step size, and verify the effectiveness by using a computer simulation.

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In a two-channel adaptive filter system, the correlation between the reference signal that is an obstacle to the identification of unknown system is known. This can be solved by using independent component included in the reference signal, but there is a problem that a large amount of calculation for this independent components are extracted. In this paper, As a solution to this problem, by run-type blocks in the frequency domain adaptive filter coefficient update algorithm, we show that the calculation amount is reduced significantly.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this report, we propose a two microphone-array system capable of steering a null in the direction of a noise source. In this method, the problem that incapable of steering a null in non-minimum phase acoustic space. We solve problem by separating of minimum phase and non-minimum phase to adaptive filter, when converted to recursive filter to non-recursive filter.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of reverberation rejection applying equation error method with microphone array in non-minimum phase. However, If the equation error method applies, this system contains common error. The latter problem can be solved by applying adaptive filter with exponentially-attenuated step size, and verify the effectiveness by using a computer simulation.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

For image retrieval from printed image, some marker(i.e. black frame) is required for correction of geometrical deformation and specification of an image position. However a visible maker is not appropriate. In a conventional method, the use of histogram is proposed to estimate the position ofthe data-embedded image from the captured image. In this method, the image can not be exactly extracted, when the background colors of the captured image and the data-embedded image are similar.In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the position of the data-embedding position in the captured image. The proposed method exploits amplitude spectrum of Fourier transform, which has the nature of translation invariant. The maker is embedded to the amplitude spectrum and it is difficult to notice by human vision. The decision method of the gain coefficient suitable for the proposed method is also considered and the bit detection of the embedded data by correlation is applied in order to no use of the original image. Through the experiment result, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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The existence of the carotid artery calcification as an index for arteriosclerosis has attracted a great deal of attention. This paper proposes an improvement of the automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs based on intensity gradients. This paper focuses on the local variation of the intensities in possible regions of the calcification in the radiograph. The local region is modified to enhance the difference between the calcification and its neighborhood. The proposed method can improve the number of the detected calcification regions. Experimental results show that a good detection performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

For extracting data from a printed image, the capturing of the image by a scanning device is required. In this case, the captured image is distorted by the geometrical distortion such as rotation, scaling and translation. These distortions affect the detection of the data. The correction of the distortions by a marker embedding method has been proposed. In this paper, we propose an improvement of the data embedding and extracting method for the printed image with embedding makers. The proposed method detects the position of the markers by sub-pixel precision to improve the accuracy and the makers are used for the correction of the rotation and the scaling. The new method of extracting the target image from the captured image also proposed. Through the experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

When compose echo canceller system, unknown system is identified by adaptive filters. The unknown system is composed by pole and zero point. Therefore, it is desirable that adaptive filters are also formed by pole and zero point. But, when identify the pole by recursive filter, the behavior becomes unstable. This paper proposes a new method for identifying unknown systems expressed by the cascade arrangement of recursive and non-recursive adaptive filters. The proposed method use to equation error method. The equation method can identify the unknown system more quickly and stably. On the other hand, an identification error called bias error is caused by a disturbance superposing on the output of the unknown system. On this paper, to check whether it is about influence of this bias error is not a problem in practical use. Moreover, verifies the performance of the proposed method by using computer simulations.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a biometrics authentication method using multimodal features in utterance. The multimodal features in utterance consists of lip shape (physical trait), lip motion pattern and voice pattern(behavioral trait). Therefore, the proposed method can be constructed with only a camera extracting lip area and voice without special equipment like other personal authentication methods. Moreover, the utterance phrase itself has a role of a key function by setting up an utterance phrase arbitrarily, and then the robustness of the authentication increases according to the phrase recognition which can reject an imposter with the feature similar to a registrant. In the proposed method, a lip shape and voice features are extracted with edge or texture based feature in a lip image and voice based pitch or spectrum envelope. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Estimation of a suitable window shape and appropriate weights in weighted median filters is one of important problems. In this study, we formulate the design of weighted median filter as an optimization problem, and estimate optimal filters directly from degraded images. In our previous work, we estimated optimal window shapes and weights by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a fixed size of window as a constraint in optimization. To determine an appropriate window size is difficult but essential since it depends on both a type of texture and a noise rate. Here, we optimize weighted median niters without the constraint in the size of filters. Numerical experiments show that designed filters outperform the niters obtained by our previous approach.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an identification method of feedback path which occurs in active noise control systems. In active noise control systems, if feedback path occurs, the sound emitted from the speaker is detected by the noise detection microphone, therefore it causes howling, and failure of a speaker. To solve this problem, we use that we can calculate primary system and secondary system in simultaneous equations method. In this paper, we present a method that we calculate the identification error of feedback path and feedback path control filter coefficient from that result, add the error to feedback path control filter coefficient, and finally verify the validity of them.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this report, we suggest two microphone that can make up the dead angle in the direction of the noise in the context of the voice and noise arrive at the same time. In the proposed system, we check that can make up the dead angle in high reverberation by using the proposed system by configuring the system that the adaptive filter work only in the derection of causality is satisfied and using cascade connection recursive and non-recursivefilters as adaptive filter.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of steering a dead angle toward a point even in high reverberation acoustic space. In this method, the problem is that it is difficult to guarantee the stable estimation of the coefficients of the recursive filter. We solve this problem by extracting the non-minimum phase component from the recursive filter and inserting it in the output of the microphone providing the desired signal.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学先端科学技術推進機構  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes an automatic detection and tracking method for moving objects. In the proposed method, a fixed camera and PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras are used for surveillance. The fixed camera detects the moving objects by using MHI (Motion-History-Image) and the PTZ camera tracks them. In the tracking, the objects are captured in the center of the image by using the location which the fixed camera transmits. In addition, the relationship between the coordinates systems of the fixed and PTZ cameras can be found automatically. The experimental result indicates that the PTZ camera can observe a moving object detected by a fixed camera.

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a biometrics authentication method using features in utterance. The features in utterance consists of lip shape (physical trait), lip motion pattern and voice pattern(behavioral trait). Therefore, the proposed method is a multimodal authentication method which consists of an image and a speech processing part. The proposed method can be constructed with only a camera extracting lip area and voice without special equipment like other personal authentication methods. Moreover, the utterance phrase itself has a role of a key function by setting up an utterance phrase arbitrarily, and then the robustness of the authentication increases. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose an improvement of the data embedding and extracting method for the printed image. The proposed method can increase an amount of the embedding data. In the conventional method, the amount of the data which can be embedded in the printed image has been only 120 bits. This paper proposes two methods ; one is the method which increases the number of blocks and another is the method which increases the number of codes in each block. By the experiment, it is indicated that the latter is superior to the former. In the latter method, we can increase the detection rate by determining the data bit based on the correlation with the embedding codes. By using the proposed method, 192 bits can be embedded in the printed image and we can achieve 90% of average detection rate.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The existence of carotid artery calcification as an index for arteriosclerosis attracts a great deal of attention. Thus the system for detecting the carotid artery calcification from dental panoramic radiographs has been developed to prompt the patients to check. This paper proposes an improvement for the automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in digital dental panoramic radiographs based on intensity gradients. This paper reconsiders the parameters setting in the conventional method which is based on the intensities gradients of the carotid artery calcification in the radiograph. The proposed method can also reduce the miss-detection of the carotid artery calcification by elimination of mandible and spine regions. Experimental results show that the good detection performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a step size control method capable of quickly canceling acoustic echo even when double talk continues from echo path change. According to the simulations results to verify the performance of the proposed method, the fluctuation of the estimation error is detected. We verify that the fluctuation is caused by the cancellation of the near end speech signal by the adaptive filter and show that the fluctuation is essential in the control method substituting the power pf the error signal for that of the disturbance.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a double-talk-detector using multi-modal information (sound and image). An acoustic echo cancellation is used for hands-free telecommunication and teleconference systems. However, the performance of the acoustic echo cancellation deteriorates according to a double talk where the near-end talker and the far-end talker simultaneously utter. For this problem, the acoustic echo canceller (AEC) using Sub-Adaptive-Filter (Sub-ADF) has been already proposed. However, the double-talk detector cannot detect double-talk situations correctly. Therefore, we propose a double-talk detector using multi-modal information in order to improve the performance of the double-talk detector. The proposed double-talk detector detects a voice activity from image information which is obtained from binarized lip image and acoustic information which is obtained from the correlation between the microphone output and the adaptive filter output. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed double-talk detector can improve the performance compared with the conventional one.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a step size control method stably and rapidly reducing the estimation error (corresponding to the echo return loss enhancement) even when the state of double talk continuing from the change of echo path. The step size is formularized as a the function of the estimation error, the reference signal (far end talker's signal) and the disturbance (near end talker's signal) powers. We have already presented a control method calculating the step size by substituting the desired estimation error and the disturbance power estimated using a sub-adaptive filter whose step size id fixed to the optimum. The control method, however, cannot sufficiently reduce the estimation error when the state of double talk continuing from the change of echo path. We solve this problem by controlling the desired estimation error estimated using another sub-adaptive filter whose step size controlled. We moreover verify that the estimation error decreases more quickly in the double talk state than the fixed optimum step size and with almost the same speed in the single talk state.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a method capable of steering a dead angle toward a point even in high reverberation acoustic space. In this method, the adaptive filter used for steering the dead angle is formed with the cascade connection of a recursive and a non-recursive filters. Two problems are then presented. One is that it is difficult to guarantee the stable estimation of the coefficients of the recursive filter. We solve this problem by adopting the lattice type as the adaptive filter and moreover applying the equation error method for the estimation of reflection coefficients. Another is that the response of the recursive filter diverges when the minimum phase condition is not satisfied. We hence separate the recursive filter into the minimum and the non-minimum phase components, and then form the former and the latter with a recursive and a non-recursive filters, respectively. The latter problem can be solved by applying the non-recursive filter to another microphone output which the recursive filter is not inserted.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In block implimentation frequency domain adaptive algorithm ,block length is necessary to obtain stability. The block length relates to strength of autocorrelation of reference signal. And, the stronger the correlation is, the more the block length increases. However, enlarging the block length causes a problem that an interval of a coefficient update is expanded and a section where an error margin is large continues long. First, this paper describes normalization method for frequency domain adaptive algorithm. This paper also proposes a method of reducing a block length in block implimentation frequency domain adaptive algorithm from normalization method, and verifies the effectiveness by using a computer simulation.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a frequenct domain two-channel system identification algorithm efficiently utilizing independent components slightly involved in reference signals. In such two-channel systems, the reference signals are strongly related, which impedes the identification of unknown systems. As a measures for enabling the identification, the addition of some identification components to the reference signals is conventionally applied. The addition, however, cannot be structually used for active noise control systems. We have hence proposed a time domain adaptive algorithm efficiently utilizing independent components slightly involved in reference signals without the artificial addition. In this paper, we present a method extracting the independent components from the reference signals and a frequency domain adaptive algorithm, and finally verify the validity of them.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In case of containing non-minimum phase in secondary path, we have the problem that the recursive filter diverges at traditional simultaneous equations methos. In this paper, we focus a non-minimum phase, and confirm a proposal methods by simulations.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper propose a new speech separation system using a microphone array. The system steers the null toward of the system to the one of a speech direction using the law of causality, and separates the speech.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The information retrieval from the printed image by using a cellular phone attracts much attention. In this paper, we propose an improvement for the correction method of the lens distortion in capturing the image with the cellular phone. In the conventional method, a distortion coefficient has been determined based on the line based correction of radial distortion. This method has directly appleid each candidate of the distortion coefficient in the predefined range to the captured image and the correctness of the applied distortion coefficient has been verified. However, many processing time should be reqired because of a lot of verified points. Therefore, to improve the processing speeds, the golden section search method for the estimation of the distortion coefficients is adopted. Moreover we propose an improvement method for the better accuracy of the estimation of the distortion coefficients. In the proposed method, all sides of the image are used for the correction. The experimental result shows the reduction of the processing time and the estimation accuracy of the distortion coefficient.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose classifier generation methods for a personal authentication system using lip variation. The personal authentication system using lip variation utilizes lip shape (physical trait) and utterance pattern (behavioral trait), and can be constructed with only a camera extracting lip area without special equipment like other personal authentication. We have already proposed a personal authentication system consisting of classifiers judging individuals. The classifiers are generated with features extracted from devided lip region (cell), and is robust for slight lip variation. However, in the conventional classifier generation methods all features used for authentication are uniformly employed, and the less-useful features consequently affect the authentication. Therefore, we propose novel classifier generation methods weighting each features by using AdaBoost. More useful features affect the authentication by weighting each features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in the actual authentication system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

It has been reported that the carotid artery calcification is closely related to the progress of arteriosclerosis in elderly people. We have investigated an automatic detection system of carotid artery calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs in order to incidentally find arteriosclerosis and refer the patients to medical professionals. This paper proposes a new detection method based on intensity gradients. It is observed that the intensities of the calcifications in radiographs are higher than those in the surrounding regions. The proposed method utilizes this to realize an automatic detection with smaller number of prefixed parameters than the conventional ones. The detection ability of the proposed method is experimentally shown to be superior to the conventional ones.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The existence of carotid artery calcification as an index for arteriosclerosis attracts a great deal of attention. Thus the system for detecting the carotid artery calcification from dental panoramic radiographs has been developed to prompt the patients to check. This paper proposes a new automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs based on intensity gradients. This paper focuses on the fact that the intensities of the carotid artery calcification in the radiograph are higher than that in neighborhood. The proposed method can reduce the number of parameters adjusted in advance and the automatic detection method from the entire image can be developed. Experimental results show that good detection performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Several similar image retrieval techniques based on the feature of an object in an image have been proposed. Ordinarily, the input image to the retrieval system includes the target objects and the background. Then some object extraction method should be required and its accuracy plays an important role in the system. In this paper, we propose a similar image retrieval system by using the target object extraction method based on the similarity of the color histograms between the target object and the background. An extraction method for the contour of a target object based on Snakes and the color histogram is also proposed. Some experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed target extraction technique and the similar image retrieval system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a new method for identifying unknown systems expressed by the cascade arrangement of recursive and non-recursive adaptive filters. This identification method is classified into two. One is called output error method, and another is equation error method. The proposed method belongs to the latter. This method can identify the unknown system more quickly and stably than the output error method, on the other hand, the error called bias error is caused by a disturbance. This paper shows bias error is identified with non-recursive adaptive filters and verifies it by using the computer simulation. This paper also proposes the method of decreasing bias error by using frequency domain adaptive algorithm.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper propose a new speech enhancement system using a microphone array. The system steers the null toward of the system to the noise direction using the law of causality, and enhances the speech.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently the leak of the secret information has become a serious problem and paper mediums have been frequently used as a way of leaking. This paper proposes a new copy control method for preventing the illegal copy by the copying machine. In the proposed technique, an ID number by which we manage a document is embedded to the printed document. The information management server is connected to the copying machine, since the system can be applied to the wide application. The server is used for database and data extraction. We consider two cases, where one is data embedding before filling in the form and another data embedding after filling in the form. The former is correspond to the data embedding to the document which user has already filled in and the latter the data embedding to the document which has not been filled in. Several experimental results show that the proposed system can work well as the copy control management system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In general, noise control filter of active noise control system composed non-recursive filter. In this case, the system needs to satisfy causality by keep enough distance between loudspeaker to error detective microphone. So, the system can't get enough effect of noise canceling when the system makes small. In this paper, proposed using noise control filter compose cascade connection non-recursive filter and recursive filter. Using this filter, the system can get enough effect of noise canceling when the distance between loudspeaker and error detective microphone is short. And, composed by cascade connection of recursive and non-recursive type, we can simulate assume real space.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a method without distinguishing double-talk and echo path change by using both of frequency and time domain adaptive algorithms. In acoustic echo canceller systems, the coefficients of adaptive filter are disturbed by three factors: the power fluctuation of reference signal (far-end talker's signal), the superposition of noise (near-end talker's signal) called double talk and echo path change. The disturbance caused by the first one, can be prevented by applying block length control to block implementation algorithms. The other two can be solved by distinguishing the echo path change and the double talk and by increasing and decreasing the step size in the former and the latter cases, respectively. However, it is difficult to distiguish them quickly and exactly. This paper hence proposes a step size control method decreasing the estimation error steadily without the distinguishment. For the control, this method uses a sub adaptive filter with a fixed large step size and fewer taps than those of a main adaptive filter. Naturally, this filter provides smaller residual echo than the main filter does. This control method applies the step size calculated using the residual echo to the main filter; consequently a large and small step size can be automatically provided in the echo path chnage and the double talk, respectively.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, input and output of two channel systems, we propose a method to reduce the cross-correlation between reference signals. Generally, if there is a cross-correlation between reference signals in a multi-channel system identification, NLMS for identification of unknown systems is usually lower speed. So, make sure to improve simulation speed by using the identification algorithm is proposed. In addition, this paper derives the convergence condition and confirm the effectiveness.

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Publisher：社団法人電子情報通信学会  

荷重メジアンフィルタにおいて,画像に対して適切な荷重および窓形状を推定することは重要な問題である.本研究ではこれらの設計を最適化問題として定式化し,劣化画像から直接,最適な窓形状と荷重を推定する手法を提案している.前回の報告では,最適化手法に遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA)を採用し,正のインパルス性雑音が重畳した画像を対象として最適な窓形状・荷重を推定した.本研究では,目的関数およびGAを改良し,対象画像を正負のインパルス性雑音が重畳した画像に拡張する.ここでは処理対象画像としてテクスチャ画像を用い,数値実験を通して従来のインパルス性雑音の除去フィルタと比較して,雑音除去性能と原信号保存性に優れたフィルタ設計が可能であることを示す.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Data extraction methods from data embedding printing images by capturing devices like scanners have attracted much attention. In this technique, consideration for geometrical deformation, especially rotations, in the data extraction process is essential. For this correction, addition of a black frame to the image as the marker has been considered. However it may not be preferable in some case, since the frame may change the impression of images. This paper proposes new correction algorithm without remarkable markers based on the watermarking technique. This method can adopt the relationship between the mark in DFT domain and the rotation of images. By embedding the mark in DFT domain, the rotational angle can be easily obtained. Related to this new embedding marker, the area in DCT domain for embedding the information is investigated. Also an image resize technique suitable for this method is developed. From experiment results, effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently, several data extraction methods from data embedding printing images by using cellular phones with a camera have been proposed. In these techniques, consideration for geometrical deformation and lens distortion in the data extraction process is essential. This paper proposes new correction algorithm based on line based correction (LBR) and perspective transformation to the scanning of the printing images for reduction of the geometrical deformation by the camera. This method can be applied to both of barrel distortion and pin cushion one. To increase the amount of embedding data, a new data embedding method in which the codes for data embedding are changed according to the embedding data is also proposed and a gain control technique suitable for this method is developed. From experiment results, effectiveness of the proposed method for the color image is shown.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In compressed images by using coding standard like JPEG or MPEG2, block noise and/or ringing effect are noticeable under low bit rate due to the nature of the algorithm itself. To reduce these noises, several noise reduction methods by post processing have been proposed. In our group, modified trimmed mean (MTM) filter based algorithm has been also proposed. Obviously, these denoising methods should be implemented as real time procedures. In this paper, we propose an acceleration technique of the processing time of MTM filter based noise reduction algorithm by using Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). From experiments, it is shown that GPUs accelerate the method considerably compared with processing time on a CPU and they can reduce noise from compressed moving images of Full HD size (1920×1080 pixels) in real time.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In general, noise control filter of active noise control system composed FIR filter. In this case, the system needs to satisfy causality by keep enough distance between loudspeaker to error detective microphone. So, the system can't get enough effect of noise canceling when the system makes small. In this paper, proposed using noise control filter compose cascade connection FIR filter and IIR filter. Using this filter, the system can get enough effect of noise canceling when the distance between loudspeaker and error detective microphone is short.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

To recover texture images from impulse noise by the opening operation which is one of morphological operations, an suitable structure element (SE) has to be estimated. In this study, we proposed an unsupervised design method for the SEs using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In previous work, it has been shown that our proposal method outperforms a conventional method of Simulated Annealing (SA), under a restricted noise rate. Here we examine effectiveness of our approach against several noise conditions.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently, the several image retrieval systems have been developed, which regard the web as a large-scale image database. In this study, we use the image itself as index keys. From the web, a similar image set is retrieved based on statistical characteristics of images, and text information accompanying with the resemblance image set is simultaneously presented to a user. The user evaluates the relationship between the images and the presented text information and it is fed back to the system for improvement. This paper presents a basic scheme of the propose system and prototype system for the selection of the car's shape.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes an automatic detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs. The existence of the carotid artery calcification as an index for arteriosclerosis attracts a great deal of attention. The contrast in dental panoramic radiographs is very low. Then ordinary edge detection method detects too many edges in the image. In addition, the brightness of the carotid artery calcification region is similar with that of the bone region. Several detection methods for the carotid artery calcification region have been proposed. However the conventional methods have been required to decide the area for detection of the carotid artery calcification region in advance. It makes automatic detection from the whole image difficult. In the proposed method, estimation and elimination of mandible and spine regions for limitation of the investigation area and application of the conventional method to the obtained region at regular interval make the automatic detection possible. Experimental results show that good detection performance is obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

A speech separation microphone array system is already proposed. We prpoese to apply frequency domain proceccing to the separation system. Applying frequency domain proceccing improves speed of speech separation. In this papaer we verify its effectiveness on by computer simulation.

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DOI： 10.1109/ISPACS.2009.5383775

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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DOI： 10.1109/ISPACS.2009.5383865

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DOI： 10.1109/ISPACS.2009.5383888

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

To recover texture images from impulse noise by the opening operation which is one of morphological operations, an suitable structure element (SE) has to be estimated. Hitherto, an unsupervised design method for the SEs has been proposed, and it have adopted Simulated Annealing (SA) as an optimization method. In this approach, SEs are designed under a neighborhood structure which keeps the size of shape, and the size is gradually reduced in the search process. Due to this, the search space is restricted. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) which can search effectively on wide search spaces is applied. Through experiments, it is shown that our new approach outperformes conventional methods.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Set granulation is an approximation method of a set by grouping elements to an eqivalence class based on approximate identity of the attributes, and it is the main issue of rough set theory. This research introduces the adjacency class instead of the equivalence class, and performs the granulation based on the morphological opening. It defines the granulation and the measurement of granurality based on similarity, which is an extension of the identity.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The switching median filter with boundary discriminative noise detection (BDND) has a good performance for extremely corrupted impulsive noise detection; however its performance is degraded with conditions of the occurrence of the impulsive noise and its application for color images has not been considered. This paper proposes an impulsive noise reduction method based on the BDND for color images. The noise reduction part in the proposed filter is adopted the color interpolation technique proposed by Wakabayashi and Taguchi. This interpolation method has considered the correlation between color components and given the fine estimation performance for degraded pixels. The proposed method contributes to improve the detection rate and the noise reduction performance for the color image. The simulation results show that the proposed method can give the good performance for the highly corrupted color image.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

There are more cases that it is unacceptable in the reverse filter 1/h(z) of the acoustic filter h(z) than realizing that even if it can think about it theoretically. A calculated reverse filter is because it has the possibility to become the filter which not the case that output radiates in the infinity, and cause and causal laws are filled in even if the signal of the limited value is input. So, the Equation-Error Formulation which can look for a reverse filter as FIR filter is used widely to such a problem. Time delay with a reverse filter causes a big trouble when a calculated reverse filter is applied to the system of the communication by using the Method. So, it aims at the reduction of the amount of delay in the Method by this report by forming a FIR-IIR type reverse filter.

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CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a stepsize control method without distinguishing double-talk and echo path change. In acoustic echo canceller systems, the coefficients of adaptive filter are disturbed by three factors: the power fluctuation of reference signal (far-end talker's signal), the superposition of noise (near-end talker's signal) called double talk and echo path change. The disturbaance caused by the first one, can be prevented by applying block leagth control to block implementation algorithms. The other two can be solved by distinguishing the echo path change and the double talk and by increasing and decreasing the step size in the former and the latter cases, respectively. However, it is difficult to distiguish them quickly and exactly. This paper hence proposes a step size control method decreasin the estimation error steadily without the distinguishment. For the control, this method uses a sub adaptive filter with a fixed large step size and fewer taps than those of a main adaptive filter. Naturally, this filter provides smaller residual echo than the main filter does. This control method applies the step size calculated using the residual echo to the main filter; consequently a large and small step size can be automatically provided in the echo path chnage and the double talk, respectively.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper analyzes the performance of EE' method, and from its result, the problem of EE' Method is shown. Next, we proposed the EE^^&acd; method as a new algorithm that solves the problem, and the convergence condition is derived. Finally, the result verify by the computer simulation.

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Publisher：社団法人電子情報通信学会  

荷重メジアンフィルタの設計に対して,インパルス製雑音検出のための統計量を利用することで,劣化画像から直接,最適な窓形状と荷重を推定する手法が提案されている.この手法では,テクスチャ画像を対象とし,最適化法としてシミュレーテッドアニーリングを用いることで,学習量画像を用いた場合とほぼ同等の結果を得ている.本稿では,劣化画像のみを用いた荷重メジアンフィルタ設計に関する一改良法について提案する.提案法では,従来法をベースとして,最適化法に遺伝的アルゴリズムを適用し,さらにインパルス製雑音検出の統計量ROADを改良したROLDを評価関数として採用している.これにより最適解の探索を効率化でき,よりよい解を得ることができる.数値例から,従来手法と比較して,より良好な結果を得られることが示される.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently, several data extraction methods from data embedding printing images have been proposed. In these techniques, availability of a camera in cellular phones as a sensing device is one of important factors. This paper proposes improvement of the data embedding and detection method for the printing image, which can use the camera in the cellular phones. The proposed correction algorithm based on a perspective transformation to the scanning of the printing images can reduce the geometrical deformation by the camera. The proposed method is based on a diffusion method for embedding data and a new embedding position of the diffused data and a gain control method are also proposed. From experiment results, effectiveness of the proposed method for the grayscale and color images is shown.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

JPEG2000 still image coding standard has a feature called Region of Interest (ROI) coding which is based on the Max-shift method. This feature can encode a restricted region in an image prior to its background (BG) region. However, it is difficult for the ROI coding based on the Max-shift method to achieve relative image quality control between ROI and BG region because the ROI region is automatically treated as maximum quality. To solve this problem and achieve relative and fine image quality control between ROI and BG region, we propose a method modifying ROI masks which identify pixels belonging to the ROI region in each sub-band. Furthermore, by using contribution for the whole image derived from DWT coefficients obtained in JPEG 2000 encoder, we implement a method which automatically adjusts the image quality of ROI regions in ROI images to some desired quality levels. The standard decoder of JPEG 2000 part 1 can decode this encoded data.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

A FIR filter generally is used from the stability of the movement, when resonated system is estimated. But, the great amount of calculation is needed. Because very many taps are necessary for the FIR filter. So, The technique to identify the unknown system which imitated system resonated is proposed by this thesis. This unknown system is the structure that non-recursive type is connected to recursive type in series. Two kinds of the adaptation digital filters are used, when it identify unknown system. One is the structure that IIR filter is connected to FIR filter and the other is the structure that recursive-lattice filter is connected to FIR filter. Then, performance compares both the adaptation digital filters. Even if unknown system becomes the high degree, it can think that it works in the stability. Because the coefficient sensitivity of recursive lattice filter is poor.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Simultaneous equation method is proposed to one of active noise control. This paper presents a multi channel active noise control system using the simultaneous equation method. Furthermore, effectiveness of this method is verified by computer simulation.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

We alraedy proposed a microphone system characterized by using two filters.However, it has a severe problem which is incertitude.So,this studey a new adaptive microphone system considering stability using equation-error approach.This method phrase IIR(Infinite Impulse Response)filter as FIR(finite impulse response)filter.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently, the binaural the technology which it reappears faithfully at binaural position of the receiving person has been researched the sound signaling which is recorded. With this examination, the inversed filter is produced, this is actualized by the fact that the speaker is used. With this examination first, you express in the change of acoustic property between the speaker & the both ears concerning the producing algorithm of the following possible inversed filter. Next, the fact that the receiving person can produce the sound field space freely by the fact that the inversed filter and the optional zone control filter are combined is shown. Furthermore, effectiveness of this proposition is verified by computer simulation. Lastly, the effectiveness for actual environment by the fact that simulation is done making use of the impulse response of the actual room space, is verified.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper proposes a detection method for carotid artery calcification in dental panoramic radiographs. The existence of the carotid artery calcification as an index for arteriosclerosis attracts a great deal of attention. The carotid artery calcification has brighter intensity compared to the neighborhood region and its fact is utilized in the proposed method. To compensate the bad contrast of the dental panoramic radiographs, we also employ the fuzzy image contrast enhancement and algebraic image operator to the proposed method. From experimental results, the carotid artery calcification region can extract from several dental panoramic radiographs.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Publisher：社団法人電子情報通信学会  

荷重メジアンフィルタにおいて,画像に対して適切な荷重を推定することや適切な窓形状を推定することは重要な問題である.本稿では,テクスチャ画像を対象とした荷重メジアンフィルタの一設計法について提案する.ここでは,インパルス性雑音を検出するための統計量であるROAD (Rank-Ordered Absolute Differences)統計量を評価関数に用いることによって,学習用画像を用いずに,劣化画像から直接,最適な窓形状と荷重を推定する手法について述べる.提案手法では,ROAD統計量をそのまま用いるのではなく,推定された雑音分を除いたROAD統計量を用いて窓形状を推定し,荷重推定にはROAD統計量に基づく新たな評価関数を設定し,シミュレーティッドアニーリングを用いて最適化を行っている.実験結果から,提案手法によれば学習用画像を用いるのとほぼ同等の結果が得られることを確認した.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Recently, a method for correspondence search between two images, which is called POC (Phase-Only Correlation) method, has been proposed. The coarse-to-fine technique based on the POC method can hierarchically search correspondence points from coarser images to finer images and it can contribute to a high accuracy and high speed tracking of the moving object. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which implements an automatic detection of the ROI region using the tracking technique based on the POC method. By applying the coarse-to-fine technique and the space scalability in DWT, we can implement a high accurate and efficient tracking of the moving object. In the proposed method, DWT coefficients of an image which are obtained from an encoder of JPEG2000 are used for the tracking of the moving object. Therefore, if this method is integrated into the encoder of JPEG2000, we can detect the moving object simultaneously with an encoding process and expect the great efficiency for the use of the ROI feature in JPEG2000.

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