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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley-Blackwell  

We synthesized noria-containing cross-linking materials, Cross(Noria-MA-co-DM[n]m), by radical polymerization of a noria derivative with pendant methacryloyl groups (noria-MA) and α, ω-alkanedimethacrylamides (DM[n], n=3, 6, 12) at feed ratios of noria-MA/DM[n]=1/2.4, 1/12, and 1/24 (m=2.4, 12. and 24). Alkaline hydrolysis reaction of Cross(Noria-MA-co-DM[n]m) removed the noria moieties to give corresponding cross-linking materials, Cross-COOH-DM[n]m, containing noria-templated fixed cavities with pendant carboxylic acid groups. Among the noria-containing cross-linking materials, Cross(Noria-MA-co-DM[6]24) showed the greatest extent of removal of noria upon hydrolysis. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide absorption studies indicated that Cross(Noria-MA-co-DM[6]24) contains fixed cavities, whereas Cross-COOH-DM[6]24 does not in the solid (unswollen) state. Examination of the inclusion-complex-forming ability of the synthesized cross-linking materials using aqueous solutions of metal ions revealed that Cross-COOH-DM[6]24 has the greatest absorption capacity. These results indicate that Cross-COOH-DM[6]24 indeed contains noria-templated cavities that can accommodate metal ions in aqueous solution.

DOI： 10.1002/slct.201703099

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

<p>Many kinds of biomass, such as bark contaminated with earth and sand, are still dumped as waste materials. On the other hand, asphalt plants consume a large amount of fossil fuels to produce road-paving asphalt mixture. Therefore, it is very effective to reduce fossil fuel consumption if the difficult-to-use biomass is utilized as fuel for asphalt plants. We have then developed a carbonization process and a burner combusting the pulverized char to utilize them for asphalt plants. The carbonization plant consists of a rotary kiln heated externally and a hot gas generator burning the volatile matter evaporated from the biomass. The burner combusts the pulverized char made by the carbonization plant with A fuel oil at desired ratio of char and oil. In this presentation, we report the plant and burner, and their operation results.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_84

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan  

<p>Use of chars produced by carbonization of biomass (cypress chips) as molecular sieving carbon was examined. The possibility of separating binary mixtures of gases (CO₂–CH₄ and C₃H₈–C₃H₆) was investigated by measuring the amounts and rates of adsorption on the chars. With the CO₂–CH₄ mixture, both gases were adsorbed, and CO₂ was adsorbed in greater amount than CH₄. On the char prepared by carbonization at above 800°C, the adsorption rate of CO₂ was 30–180 times faster than that of CH₄. With the C₃H₈–C₃H₆ mixture, only C₃H₆ was adsorbed on the char produced at 800–900°C. On the char produced at 700°C, the adsorption rate of C₃H₆ was 110 times faster than that of C₃H₈. Thus, it was concluded that the cypress char can be used for gas separation.</p>

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.43.219

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Activated carbons were prepared from various biomasses by chemical activation with ZnCl_2. The influence of carbonization temperature on the pore structure of the activated carbon was very small in the temperature range of 500-700℃. However, the maximum value of the specific surface area depended on the biomass species. It was found that the activated carbon having large specific surface area was able to be prepared from the biomass with high concentration of hemi-cellulose and cellulose.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_102

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

The chars were prepared from various biomasses (sawdust, okara, rice husk, sludge, coconut shell, beer yeast and shochu waste). The influence of the property of the char on the behavior of water vapor adsorption was investigated. It was found that the nitrogen in the char promotes the adsorption of water vapor in low pressure range. And it became clear that the ash, especially potassium compound, in the char promotes the water vapor adsorption in the relative pressure range of more than 0.8.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.51.0_86

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

The cow manure compost was carbonized in temperature range of 400-1000 ℃. The water vapor adsorption property of the prepared char was investigated. A large increase of amount adsorbed of water vapor was found around relative pressure of 0.80. However, in the char prepared at carbonization temperature of 1000 ℃, a large increase of amount adsorbed was disappeared. It was clarified that the increase of the amount adsorbed was attributed to KCl contained in the char. The humidity control property of the cow manure compost char was also investigated. The compost char showed the stable behavior of the adsorption-desorption of water vapor during the cyclic humidity change. It was found that the humidity control property of the cow manure char was superior to that of the commercial wood char for the humidity conditioning.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.93.958

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The goal of this study was to investigate the gas holdup, bubble size distribution, and Sauter mean diameter for oxygen micro-bubble dispersions in water in an acrylic-acid resin column with an inner diameter of 0.15 m, and with a working liquid height varying from 0.500 to 1.850 m. The micro-bubbles, which varied in their Sauter mean diameters from 32 to 40 mu m depending on the gas velocity, were employed to measure their superior mass transfer properties, which are enhanced by the effects of self-compression and shrinking. The apparent liquid-side mass transfer coefficient, k(L)a, in the microbubble column was also measured using the transient absorption from oxygen micro-bubbles into degassed water or into nitrogen-desorbed water. The obtained values of k(L)a for oxygen absorption into the degassed water were significantly greater than those for absorption into nitrogen-desorbed water. The k(L)a values for the degassed water were represented well by the complete absorption model, and generally increased with increasing gas flow rate. It was found that the oxygen absorption efficiency, which was defined by the ratio of the absorption rate to the supply rate of oxygen, decreased with increasing gas flow rate and increased with increasing liquid depth. The oxygen absorption efficiency could be described well by an empirical correlation in terms of the ratio of the liquid height to the superficial gas velocity, h/U-G, or in terms of the ratio of the liquid height to the linear gas velocity, h/(U-G/epsilon(G)). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ces.2013.03.043

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In this study, nitrogen-doped porous carbons were prepared by high-temperature carbonization of resorcinol-formaldehyde cryogels, which were synthesized with nitrogen precursor (either urea or melamine) added during the synthesis. The pore structure of the resulting carbon was found to depend on the nitrogen precursor added and its concentration. To quantify the extent of the surface hydrophilicity, which is due to the effect of nitrogen doping, we carried out water adsorption at 298 K, and found that the adsorbed amount of water is proportional to the nitrogen content over the low-pressure region (P/P0 &lt
0.3). In addition, this amount correlated with the pore structure in the intermediate and high-pressure regions. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed with the Horikawa-Do model to quantify the amount of nitrogen doped during water adsorption.

DOI： 10.1260/0263-6174.31.2-3.135

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Wet-biomass such as sewage sludge, animal waste and waste food is very large resources of renewable energy and carbon material if it is dried effectively. So, we dried sewage sludge and cow dung to <30wt% moisture, and carbonized them by a externally heated rotary kiln of 0.1t/h. The former can be carbonized above 400℃ without fuel oil except for the start-up of the plant, but the later needed some A fuel oil for carbonization because it contains less volatile matter compared with the former.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_116

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Cow manure chars were prepared at the carbonization temperature range of 400-1000℃. The prepared chars were used in the removal of H_2S. It became clear that the removal ability depended on the ash content. And it was found that the ability was improved greatly by coexistence of char and ash. The H_2S removal ability of the cow manure char prepared at 1000℃ was almost same as that of the commercial activated carbon for removal of H_2S.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_118

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN INST METALS  

The aluminophosphate type zeolitic material, AlPO4-5 was synthesized by hydrothermal method using aluminum dross as a raw material, and its water vapor adsorption property was studied. Porous AlPO4-5 and nonporous AlPO4 were formed, and the selectivity of their formation was determined by varying the reactant ratios. Both AlPO4-5 and tridymite type AlPO4 (nonporous phosphate) were obtained from aluminum dross when the reaction products were synthesized with the following composition, Al2O3 : P2O5 : triethylamine (TEA) : H2O = 1 : 1 : 1 : 40. While AlPO4-5 was preferentially synthesized as a main product when the compositions were Al2O3 : P2O5 : TEA: H2O = 2 : 1 : 1 : 40 and 1 : 1 : 2 : 40. The variation in the reactant ratio dictated the specific surface area of the resulting reaction products. The formation of AlPO4-5 with a composition of 1 : 1 : 2 : 40 generated surface area of 353 m(2)/g. The reaction products synthesized at 2 : 1 : 1 : 40 and 1 : 1 : 1 : 40 generated surface areas of 187 and 75 m(2)/g, respectively. All the aluminophosphate products exhibited the type IV or V isotherm by IUPAC classification for water vapor adsorption due to the AlPO4-5 pore with strong affinity. This study demonstrated the efficacy of AlPO4-5 obtained from aluminum dross as desiccant, that is, the aluminum dross-derived AlPO4-5 demonstrated high adsorption capacity and adsorption properties suitable as an adsorbent or a desiccant.

DOI： 10.2320/matertrans.M-M2013831

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Nitrogen-doped porous carbons (N-RFCC) were prepared by NH3-N-2 mixture gas treatment at high temperature during the carbonization process on resorcinol-formaldehyde cryogels. To show the role of N-doping on the adsorption behavior we carried out water adsorption, and it was found that the amount of water adsorbed is directly related to the nitrogen content over the low pressure region (P/P-o &lt; 0.3). Applying the theoretical water adsorption model, Horikawa-Do (HD) model, to the adsorption isotherms of N-RFCCs, we could analyze the effects of nitrogen-doping on the adsorption mechanism. Although the concentration of functional groups of N-RFCC is almost equal to that of the non-doped RFCC, which was measured by Boehm titration method, the water adsorbed amounts of N-RFCCs over the low pressure region were larger. This is due to part of the doped nitrogen atoms act as functional groups, contributing to the total concentration of functional groups. The saturated concentrations depend on the packing fraction of water molecules, which in turn depends on the pore size. The packing fractions of N-RFCCs are larger than those of RFCCs, and this could be attributed to the high affinity between water clusters and N-doped surfaces, resulting in a reduced hydrophobicity of the surface. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.12.033

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

We performed experiments on the risk-free degradation of p-chlorophenol dissolved in water, by using micro-bubbles or milli-bubbles of ozonated oxygen in a 1 L bubble column reactor. The micro bubble dispersion showed superior phenolic degradation performances as compared to the millibubble dispersion system. When using ozonated-oxygen microbubbles, the ozone absorption effciency was found to be very high when the volumetric flow rates of supplied ozonated oxygen were low. Owing to their high specific surface area and self-compression effects, the microbubble dispersion could achieve very high ozone absorption performances. Even though the microbubble methodology leads to low volumetric flow rate of ozonated oxygen, the degradation rate of phenolic compounds was maintained high during the course of the experiments, and the produced organic acid components were further decomposed quickly to maintain their concentrations at low levels. The apparent first-order-reaction rate constant for the ozone-degradation of p-chlorophenol correlated well with a linear function of the liquid-phase ozone concentration attained, regardless of the bubble flow mode utilized. With the aim to enhance the ozone degradation of the phenolic compound in the microbubble dispersion, we further investigated the effects of addition of NaOH.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

We produced an activated carbon with large specific surface area from the lignin mixed with urea or melamine by chemical activation using potassium carbonate. The influences of carbonization temperature on the pore structures such as specific surface area and pore volume were investigated. It was found that the mixing with urea or melamine was effective to enlarge the specific surface area. At the carbonization temperature of 1073 K, the specific surface area of the produced activated carbon became the maximum value. The activated carbon from the lignin mixed with melamine had the larger mesopore volume and the sharper micropore size distribution.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_148

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Since wet-biomass such as sewage sludge contains much water, it is necessaiy to be dried before its utilization for fuels. Therefore, we have developed a carbonization process combined with diying step by fennentation. The sewage sludge of ca.80 wt% moisture was dried to ca 30 wt% moisture by fermentation based on the composting technology. The dried sludge of 0.1 t/h was carbonized at 430℃ by using a rotaly kiln which was externally heated by burning the volatile matter evaporated from the sludge. In this process, the wet-biomass can be dried and carbonized without fuels except for the start-up of the plant.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.6.0_12

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Language：English   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.023

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

In the present work, we investigated the degradation behavior of phenol sparingly dissolved in water with ozone treatment with/without subsidiary additions of CaCO3 and/or H2O2. The enhancement effects of these additives for ozone-oxidation processing were investigated based on the variation of pH value and amounts of organic acids produced in the aqueous phase. Addition of a small amount of CaCO3 in the aqueous phase, which could maintain the pH in a range of high values, resulted in a significant enhancement on the ozone-degradation rate of phenol instead of giving rise to negative scavenger effects. Addition of H2O2 under the presence of 0.1 g/L of CaCO3 in the aqueous phase most enhanced the ozone-degradation of phenol in a range of dissolved ozone concentrations examined and caused small net production of organic acid components. The apparent first-order rate constant for phenol degradation was well correlated in terms of the dissolved ozone concentration under the influences of the addition of oxidation promoters for practical purposes.

DOI： 10.1080/01919512.2011.549072

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

The property of water vapor adsorption on the char prepared from cow manure compost was investigated. The rapid increase of the adsorbed amount was found at the relative pressure of more than 0.8. It was concluded that this increase was due to the ash content, especially KCl content. The humidity control ability of the char from cow manure compost was higher than that of a commercial activated carbon.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.20.0_128

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Shiso City and NEDO developed a very small gasification and power generation system for waste from processing thinned wood. This system consists of a fixed-bed gasifier of up-draft type and LPG car engines connected with generators. Many troubles occurred at early stage operation, but they were overcome by improvements of the system. We report the troubles and their countermeasures, and the efficiencies of conversion from wood to product gas and power generation, which are obtained during stable operation of the system.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.5.0_32

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2010f.0.112.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE CARBON SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

DOI： 10.7209/tanso.2009.15

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00359118586?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Photocatalysts of TiO2 and La-doped TiO2 were prepared by calcining the pure TiO2 sols and the sols mixed with La(NO3)(3 center dot)6H(2)O at 873 K, respectively. These photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms measurement. As results, the BET surface area, pore diameter, mesopore volume and micropore volume slightly increased, while the crystallite size and the phase structure were little affected by lanthanum doping. The equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on the photocatalysts were measured in a dark room. The adsorption isotherms were confirmed to fit to the Langmuir theory. Photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were studied by employing the photocatalytic degradation of MB in water and degradation of acetaldehyde in air under UV-irradiation using a black light. Kinetic analysis revealed that the rate controlling steps could be the surface reaction of the adsorbed MB on the catalyst surface for MB degradation and the reaction of adsorbed acetaldehyde with the gaseous acetaldehyde for degradation of acetaldehyde, respectively.

DOI： 10.1007/s10450-007-9095-4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.16.0_370

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Language：English   Publisher：Kansai University  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2007.0.622.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2006f.0.322.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2006f.0.420.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2006f.0.429.0

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

An activated carbon with high specific surface area was prepared from polyurethane foam by chemical activation with K2CO3 and the influences of carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio on the pore structure of the prepared activated carbon were investigated. It was found that the specific surface area of the activated carbon was at a maximum value (about 2800 m(2)/g) at a carbonization temperature of 1073 K and at an impregnation ratio of 1.0. It was concluded that the polyurethane foam structure was modified during impregnation by K2CO3, K2CO3 promoted charring during carbonization, and then the weight loss behaviour was changed below 700 and above 1000 K, carbon in the char was consumed by K2CO3 reduction, and this led to the high specific surface area. The prepared activated carbon had a very sharp micropore size distribution, compared with the commercial activated carbon having high specific surface area. The amounts of three organic vapors (benzene, acetone, and octane) adsorbed on the prepared activated carbons was much larger than those on the traditional coconut shell AC and the same as those on the commercial activated carbon except for octane. We surmised that the high specific surface area was due to the modification of the carbonization behaviour of polyurethane foam by K2CO3. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.092

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy  

The phenol-formaldehyde resins with various degrees of cross-linking were prepared by changing the formaldehyde/phenol molar ratios (F/P). The influence of the ratio (F/P) on the structure of the prepared resin was examined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and FT-IR. It was found that an increase of the ratio (F/P) leaded to large oligomer and a promoted cross-linking. And the activated carbons were prepared from these resins with CO₂-activation in order to examine the influence of the resin structure on the pore structure of the prepared activated carbon. There is little difference between the activated carbon prepared from high F/P ratio resin and one from low F/P ratio in the specific surface area and pore volume. However, the pore size distribution of the activated carbon prepared from the low F/P ratio resin was sharper than that of the activated carbon prepared from the high F/P ratio resin. It was deduced that this difference was caused by the difference in the crystallite size.

DOI： 10.2497/jjspm.52.120

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00246735384?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel particles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde in a slightly basic aqueous solution, followed by supercritical drying with carbon dioxide. RF carbon aerogel particles were prepared by carbonizing of the RF aerogel particles at a high temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. By changing the viscosity of the RF sol added to the cyclohexane containing a surface-active agent for preparation of the spherical RF hydrogels, we investigated the influence of the apparent viscosity of the RF sol on the size of the generated RF carbon aerogel particles. We could successfully prepare the RF carbon aerogel particles with a truly spherical shape and control their size in the range from about 10 to 500 mum by changing the apparent viscosity of the RF sol. The spherical RF carbon aerogel particles with an average diameter of 20 pm have a BET surface area of about 800 m(2) /g and a uniform mesopore radius of 1.78 nm. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel particles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde in a slightly basic aqueous solution, followed by supercritical drying with carbon dioxide. The carbon aerogel particles were prepared by carbonizing the RF aerogel particles at a high temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. We investigated the influence of the surface-active agents applied upon emulsion polymerization on the form, the size, and the characteristic pore structure of the generated carbon aerogel particles. We found an important relationship between the surface-active agents and the pore structure of the carbon aerogel particles; a lower hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of the surface active agent leaded to large micro and mesopore volumes and also a large specific surface area in the generated spherical carbon aerogel particles. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.015

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels were synthesized by sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde in a slightly basic aqueous solution, followed by drying with supercritical carbon dioxide. The RF carbon aerogels were prepared by carbonizing the RF aerogels at a high temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. On changing the catalyst species and the catalyst ratios in synthesizing the RF hydrogels, we investigated their influence on the pore characteristics of the RF carbon aerogels prepared. We found that the order in the magnitude of the peak radii in the size distributions agrees with that in the magnitude of the gyratory radius measured from the small-angle X-ray scattering curves of the RF solutions during their gelation process. The gyratory radii and the form of the primary particles constituting the RF hydrogel were found to determine the pore characteristics of aerogels, relating to the polymerization conditions such as the catalyst species and the catalyst ratios in synthesizing the RF hydrogel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.02.016

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Publisher：Japan Society for Food Engineering  

Bean cured refuse is major sub-product of <I>tofu</I>; it has been a foodstuffs with plentiful nutrition, but presently it is mostly disposed to be reclaimed or burned. In the present study we aim to dissolve the bean curd refuse by applying the super- or sub- critical water as the reaction solvent under a high temperature and high pressure and to extract useful components from the dissolved products. We applied the super- or sub-critical water to the bean curd refuse at an approaching temperature of 200-450°C and pressure of 15-30 MPa in a high pressure vessel under a batch operation. It is found that rapid heating, short reaction time and lower temperature (up to 250°C) in the sub-critical water treatment are favored for selective production of sugars. Maximum amounts of organic acids and alcohols were produced at an operating temperature of 300°C in the pressure range of 15 to 30 MPa. At an operating temperature exceeding 300°C, amount of solid residue decreased to about 5% on the elemental carbon basis. At operating temperatures beyond 350°C (mainly at supercritical range) amount of gaseous products exceeded 30%.

DOI： 10.11301/jsfe2000.4.85

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2003f.0.497.0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We prepared carbonized materials of phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF) synthesized with the addition of organic substances such as ethylene glycol (EG), 1,6-hexanediol (1,6HD), polyethylene glycol (PEG), etc. We investigated the influence of the carbonization temperature, the organic additive species, and the additive ratio in synthesizing the PF resins on the pore structure of the carbonized PFs. Variation in the length of the added organic substance caused differences in the pore sizes of the carbonized PFs; when the length was short, the pore size of the carbonized PF became gradually smaller with increasing carbonization temperature, but when the length was long, the pore size gradually increased with increasing carbonization temperature. The difference in the additive organic species gave different pore sizes in the carbonized PFs such that the longer the length of the organic additive the greater the pore size in the carbonized PF. The additive ratio of EG did not give a large change in the pore size of the carbonized PF, but the variance in the average pore sizes were sharper than that of the carbonized PF without any additives. On the other hand, the pore sizes of the carbonized PFs with a high additive ratio of PEG20K were greater, and the carbonized PFs had mesopores. The BET surface area of the carbonized PFs with a 50% additive ratio of PEG20K was about 500 m(2) / g. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2003f.0.952.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2003f.0.240.0

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Activated carbon was prepared from chickpea husk by chemical activation with K2CO3. At 1073 K, the specific surface area of activated carbon prepared with an impregnation ratio of 1.0 yielded the maximum value of 1778 m(2)/g. From the results of the yield of the activated carbon and the reagent recovery ratio, it was concluded that-the carbon involved in the husk char was removed as CO by reduction of K2CO3 above 1000 K.
The fractal dimension changed slightly between 773 and 973 K, and it decreased rapidly between 973 and 1173 K. It was deduced that this decrease of the fractal dimension was due to the decomposition of the cross-linked structure and the small crystallite structure. The micropore volume and the specific surface area increased by the release of plugged pore due to the decomposition of the cross-linked structure. It was further deduced that the mesopore volume increased and the micropore volume decreased by combination of micropores due to the decomposition of small crystallites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We have prepared activated carbons by chemical activation with K,CO, from five kinds of nutshells: almond shell (ANI), coconut shell (CN). oil palm shell (OP). pistachio shell (PT) and walnut shell (WN). When prepared at 1073 K. the activated carbons from all the nutshells had the maximum specific surface areas. According to the maximum values of specific surface areas. the activated carbons prepared were classified into two groups: Group-L and Group-S the former group included activated carbons with high specific surface area and the latter included those with lower specific surface area, respectively. It was found that K2CO3 effectively worked as an activation reagent, but differently in the temperature ranges below 800 and above 900 K. Due to impregnation. cellulose and hemi-cellulose were modified by K2CO3 and accordingly the weight loss behaviors of the nutshells were changed in the temperature range below 800 K. In the temperature range above 900 K, carbon in the chars was removed as CO gas by the reduction of K2CO3 to increase the specific surface area and the pore volume. It was deduced that the difference between the Specific Surface areas of Group-L and those of Group-S correspond to the difference between weight loss behaviors in the temperature range above 900 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We prepared activated carbons from phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins by chemical activation with K2CO3 with impregnation during the synthesis of the resins. The influence of carbonization temperature (773-1173 K) on the pore structure (specific surface area and pore volume) and the temperature range at which K2CO3 worked effectively as an activation reagent, were investigated. The specific surface area and micropore volume of PF-AC and UF-AC increased with an increase of carbonization temperature in the range of 773-1173 K. We prepared activated 2 carbon with well-developed micropores from PF, and activated carbon with high specific surface area (&gt;3000 m(2)/g) and large meso-pore volume from UF. We deduced the activation mechanism with thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. In preparing activated carbon from PF, K2CO3 was reduced by carbon in the PF char. The carbon was removed as CO gas resulting in increased specific surface area and pore volume above 1000 K. In preparing AC from UF, above 900 K the carbon in UF char was consumed during the K2CO3 reduction step. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Molecular sieving carbons (MSCs) were prepared from carbonized phenol-formaldehyde resin wastes by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of the pyrolyzed carbon from hydrocarbon species. The pore size of the MSCs could be controlled in the range 0.37-0.42 nm by changing the hydrocarbon species pyrolyzed, the pyrolyzing temperature, and the processing time. It is shown that some of the MSCs have an excellent selectivity for separating CO2 and CH4, and others for separating C3H8 and C3H6. As the mechanism for controlling the pore size during CVD processing, we elucidated that the adsorption of hydrocarbon molecules first takes place on the pore surface and then the adsorbed hydrocarbons pyrolyze into carbon. Therefore, the pore size of the MSC can be adjusted by controlling the amount hydrocarbon adsorbed on the phenolformaldehyde resin char. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We tried to prepare a mesoporous material with a hydrophobic surface by combining the silica xerogel with the phenol-formaldehyde resin using the sol-gel method. During the procedure, the formation of the silica xerogel and the formation of phenol-formaldehyde resin simultaneously occurred in the liquid phase. Then, the pore structure of the xerogel was different from the simple mixture of silica xerogel and phenol-formaldehyde resin. It is found that the pore size can be tailored by changing the phenol-formaldehyde resin ratio. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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本研究では，ビール工場において原料から製品に至る一連の工程に対して投入される電力，ガス水道水等のユーティリティ，排出される有機廃水，ビールかす等の固形副産物などのエミッションに関して，ライフサイクルアセスメント・インベントリー解析に基づき，累積ＣＯ２排出原単位を指標として環境影響を評価した。すなわち，ビール工場で排出される有機廃液をメタン発酵処理し，バイオガスを回収しこれより燃料電池により電力を得て工程に還元するとき，また，副産物であるビール粕を，焼却，メタン発酵，乾燥などの処理を行った場合の，製品ビールにかかる累積ＣＯ２排出原単位への影響を検討し，より好ましい廃棄物処理法採用のための指針を得ることを目的とし，ＬＣＡインベントリー解析を行った。あるビール工場において，廃液のメタン発酵によって回収されるメタンを燃料電池によって電力に変換して工程に還元する場合，全工程に投入される電力の９．７４％が節減されることが分かった。また製品ビールへの累積ＣＯ２排出原単位の４８．３％が水道，電力，ガス，灯油などの工程ユーティリティに由来することが明らかになった。これらから，廃液および廃棄物からエネルギーを回収して外部からのエネルギーの投入を低減することがＣＯ２排出の削減に重要であるとわかる。しかし，製品ビールへの累積ＣＯ２排出原単位への節減は２．３０％にとどまった。これは，製品ビールの相当の割合がアルミ缶でパッケージングされているため製品ビールへの累積ＣＯ２排出原単位を押し上げていることにも原因がある。もしアルミ缶の代わりにガラス瓶がパッケージングに使用されれば，さらなる累積ＣＯ２排出原単位の削減になることがわかった。またビール粕の乾燥を伴わない飼料化，コンポスト化，および焼却は実質的なＣＯ２の排出につながらないと判断された。さらに，ビール粕をメタン発酵してバイオガスを回収し，排水処理のバイオガスも含めて燃料電池によって電力を得ることができれば，電力の５９．８％が還元されることが分かった。

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

Activated carbons with high specific surface area were prepared from beer lees by chemical activation with KOH. We examined the influence of the preparation conditions, such as temperature and impregnation ratio, on the pore structure of the prepared activated carbon, and examined the adsorption ability of benzene and acetone on the prepared activated carbon.
The specific surface area increased with an increase in carbonization temperature up to 800 degrees C and decreased at 900 degrees C because of excess activation. It reached a maximum value at the impregnation ratio of 2.0. The activated carbon, which was prepared at the carbonization temperature of 800 degrees C and at the impregnation ratio of 2.0, had very high specific surface area of 2,440 m(2)/g. It was found that KOH worked effectively as the activating reagent in two temperature ranges, below 500 degrees C and above 600 degrees C. The amount of benzene and acetone adsorbed on the prepared activated carbon were much larger than that on the commercial activated carbons.

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分子ふるい炭素（ＭＳＣ）の既存の製造法，細孔容積分布の測定法，応用例をまとめて紹介した。次いで関西大学工学部におけるＭＳＣの製造法に関する研究について述べた。すなわち，バイオマスからの製造とエステル炭化法による製造である。前者としてビール粕，酒粕，パーム殻，ナッツ類の殻からの製造を紹介した。後者としてフェノール樹脂炭化物を硝酸で酸化した後，１‐ヒドロキシ‐２‐ナフトエ酸エステルとしたものを３００～８００℃で熱処理して製造する方法である。製造したＭＳＣはガス分離に有効であった。

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Activated carbons were prepared from lignin by chemical activation with ZnCl2, H3PO4 and some alkali metal compounds. The influence of carbonization and activating reagent on the pore structure of the activated carbon was investigated. It was found that the maximum surface areas were obtained at the carbonization temperature of 600 degrees C in both ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation, and that the surface areas were as large as those of the commercial activated carbons. On the other hand, in alkali metal activation it was found that the maximum surface areas were obtained at the carbonization temperature of 800 degrees C. Except for Na2CO3 maximum surface areas were much larger than those of the commercial activated carbons. The activated carbon prepared by K2CO3 activation showed a surface area of nearly 2000 m(2)/g. It was shown that ZnCl2 works effectively as dehydration reagent below 600 degrees C. On the other hand, K2CO3 works effectively in two temperature ranges, below 500 degrees C and above 600 degrees C. Below 500 degrees C, the carbonization behavior was modified by impregnation with K2CO3, but the pore structure changes little. Above 600 degrees C, carbon was consumed by K2CO3 reduction and then the surface area was increased. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

We attempt to prepare activated carbons from bean-curd refuse by chemical activation with K2CO3. Activated carbon with high specific surface area of 2,656 m(2)/g can be prepared at a carbonization temperature of 800 degrees C.
During an impregnation, the K2CO3 added reacts with bean-curd refuse and changes to KO2 and K2C2O4 Then, the bean-curd refuse is modified and the water-soluble organic components in the bean-curd refuse increase. At a carbonization temperature below 500 degrees C, the carbonization behavior of bean-curd refuse is changed by the modification, and then the specific surface area of the carbonized bean-curd refuse becomes larger. At temperatures above 700 degrees C, K2CO3 is reduced to metal potassium,The carbon is consumed by reduction of K2CO3.

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

We tried to prepare an activayed carbon from lignin by chemical activation with K_2CO_3. The prepared activated carbon, which was impregnated with K_2CO_3 at the ratio of 1.0 and carbonized at 900℃, had the high specific surface area of near 2000m^2/g. We investigated the activating mechanism and it was found that there were two stages where K_2CO_3 works effectively as an activating reagent. In the lower temperature range lignin was modified by K_2CO_3 and in the higher temperature range carbon was gasified by reduction of K_2CO_3.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.8.0_367

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

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Publisher：THE CARBON SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

We tried to produce activated carbons with high sp. surface area from bean-curd refuse by chem. activation using several alkali metal compds. such as K2CO3, NaOH and Na2CO3, and H3PO4 as the reagent.The effects of carbonization temp., holding time, and impregnation ratio of reagent to dried bean-curd refuse on pore structure of the activated carbons produced were investigated.Among chems. tested K2CO3 is found to be the most effective as the impregnation reagent.In a range of carbonization temp. above 700.degree.C, the sp. surface area of the activated carbon produced increases rapidly to a max. at about 800.degree. and decreases with further increase in temp.>800.degree..The sp. surface area attains a max. at a holding time of about 60 min.The sp. surface area increases with increasing impregnation ratio up to an impregnation ratio of 1.00, beyond which it gradually decreases with further increase in the impregnation ratio.The sp. surface area of activated carbon produced under the suitable conditions from the bean-curd refuse impregnated with K2CO3 is as high as 2656 m2/g.It is found that K2CO3 changes the carbonization behavior of the bean-curd refuse in a range of lower temp. below 400.degree.C and reacts further with the carbonized material to increase the sp. surface area in a range of higher temp. above 600.degree.C.

DOI： 10.7209/tanso.1996.95

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Authorship：Lead author   Publisher：THE CARBON SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

In an effective utilization of bean-curd refuse we tried to produce activated carbon from bean-curd refuse by chem. activation with ZnCl2.We examd. the influence of prodn. conditions such as carbonization temp., holding time and impregnation ratio on the pore structure of activated carbon produced.The surface area of the activated carbon produced were calcd. from the N2 adsorption isotherms data by BET method.The max. surface area was obtained for the activated carbon produced at a carbonization temp. of 550.degree.C for holding time of 60 min.The surface area increased with an increase of impregnation ratio in the range of impregnation ratio up to 0.87 and this resulted from the development of micro-porosity.However at an impregnation ratio beyond 0.87, meso-porosity were developed and therefore the surface area increased a little.We succeeded in producing activated carbons with surface area more than 1000 m2/g from bean-crud refuse by chem. activation.We found that ZnCl2 changed the carbonization behavior of bean-curd refuse at 200 to 400.degree.C and that the activated carbon with high surface area was produced.

DOI： 10.7209/tanso.1996.95

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

Molecular sieving carbons (MSCs) were produced by simply carbonizing a mixture of coal-phenolformaldehyde (PF) resin which was modified by organic substances such as coal pitches, anthracene, dihydroanthracene and acenaphthylene. By changing the carbonization temperature as well as the mixing ratio of coal, PF - resin, and organic substances we could prepare MSCs with sharp pore distributions around 0.37 to 0.44 nm in pore diameter. The possibility of using the MSCs for separation of gaseous mixtures of (1) C3H8-C3H6, (2) 1-C4H8-i-C4HB, and (3) CO2-CH4 was examined from the viewpoint of adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate. We could successfully prepare MSCs that separate each gas mixture by the difference in adsorption amounts. We could also prepare MSC whose intraparticle diffusivity for CO2 is 40 times larger than that for CH4. The separation efficiencies of the MSCs for the above gas mixtures were well correlated with the size and shape of the gas molecules to be separated and the average size and the dispersion of pore distribution curves of the MSCs.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We tried to produce metallurgical coke from several non-coking and slightly coking coals by use of a hotbriquetting apparatus. Without loading pressure the coals were not caked when they were heated up to 500°C. However, the non-coking coals were caked when they were heated up to 500°C under the pressure larger than 10×105Pa. The compressive strength of the cokes produced by carbonizing the caked coals up to 800°C was very strong, but the CO2 reactivity of the cokes was very high, in comparison with a commercial coke. It is essential to load pressure on the coal between 300 and 450°C when the coal is pyrolyzed to a large extent. Thus, we could produce coke from non-coking coals, but not from coking-coals by this method. This is because the volatile matter could not be removed from coking-coals in a short time under the pressure. © 1993, The Japan Institute of Energy. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.72.883

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We have previously presented a new method for preparing molecular sieving carbon (MSC) from the coal modified by pitch and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. By resorting to this method, we could prepare MSCs with sharp pore distributions around 0.37 to 0.45 nm in diameter. In this paper the possibility of using the MSC as a catalyst support that shows shape selectivity was examined. Methanol decomposition was performed at 350-450-degrees-C on the MSC supporting Ni as a model reaction. Methanol is known to be decomposed to CO and H2 first, then CH4, CO2, and H2O are produced through reactions between CO and H-2. It was possible to produce only CO and H-2, by using MSCs with sharp pore distributions around 0.45 nm in diameter. On the other hand, all the products were detected by use of the activated carbon whose pore distribution was broadened through steam activation of the MSC. This difference was found to be derived from the difference in the pore distributions between the MSC and the activated carbon. Thus it was clarified that the MSC with sharp pore distribution can be utilized as a shape selective catalyst support.

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Language：Japanese  

A moving bed reactor was simulated and nstructed by assuming a new type of coke oven which oduces metallurgical coke rapidly and continuously.Using this reactor, a trial was run to produce metallurgical coke from 4 kinds of coals.The new coke oven had a unique heating pattern of coal; rapid heating up to 450-500, holdup time for 20-30 min, and subsequent slow heating up to 800.This heating pattern of coal was realized by using moving bed reactor; the coke comparable to a com. coke from the viewpoint of the CO2 reactivity and the micro strength was produced in .apprx.2 h from highly coking coals.The coke comparable to the com. coke could also be produced from a slightly coking coal by mixing it with a highly coking coal or by adding a pitch.

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Language：English   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A simulated moving bed reactor was constructed by assuming a new oven which produces metallurgical coke rapidly and continuously. Using this reactor, a trial was made to produce metallurgical coke from 4 kinds of coals. The point of new coke oven lies in a unigue heating pattern of coal: rapid heating up to 450», holding time for 20 to 30min, and subsequent slow heating up to 800». This heating pattern of coal was realized by use of the simulated moving bed reactor, and the comparable to a commercial coke from viewpoint of the CO2 reactivity and the micro strength was produced in about 2 h from highly coking coals. The coke comparable to a commercial coke could also be produced from a slightly coking coal by mixing it with highly coking coal or by adding a pitch to it, although the coke could not be produced the slightly coking coal only. © 1992, The Japan Institute of Energy. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.71.1184

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A new method was presented for producing molecular sieving carbon (MSC) from coal. Finely ground coal particles were mixed with coal tar pitch, phenol and formaldehyde at 95-degrees-C to be agglomerated through the formation of phenol-formaldehyde resin. Then the agglomerated particles were solely carbonized in an inert atmosphere to produce chars. The chars thus prepared have pore structure different from that of the chars prepared from the original coal. By changing the carbonization temperature and the mixing ratio of coal, pitch, phenol, and formaldehyde, we could prepare several kinds of molecular sieving carbons with sharp pore distributions around 0.35 nm in diameter. One of the MSCs thus produced is expected to be used successfully for the production of nitrogen from air by the pressure swing adsorption process.

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Language：English   Publisher：Kansai University  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学  

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Language：Japanese  

Manufg. of activated carbon from food wastes such as Sake lees, beer refuse, coffee bean refuse, and bean curd refuse is described.With bean curd refuse as raw material, potassium carbonate as activation agent, and carbonization temp. 800.degree. the activated carbon of a large sp. surface area 2656 m2/g was obtained.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学学術フロンティア・センタ-  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学  

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本発明は、おからを原料として高比表面積活性炭を製造することを目的とする。本発明は、おからを原料として、これにおからと同量の炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属化合物を含浸させた後、窒素雰囲気下で炭化・賦活し、洗浄する構成によりなる。市販の活性炭と比べて比表面積が非常に大きな活性炭を製造することができる。また、含浸させるアルカリ金属化合物の重量が従来よりもかなり低減でき、さらに、使用したアルカリ金属化合物の回収が容易であるため、コストの面、及び装置の腐食の面からも有利な効果を有する。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学工業技術研究所  

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

A review with 6 refs. on the methods for manufg. of mol. sieve C (MSC), and pore capacity and pore size distribution of MSC by various heat treatment temp.

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The title catalyst comprises a carbonized mixt. from a coal and phenolic resin, and has a pore size 0.3-0.6 nm, pore vol. 0.1-0.2 cm3/g, and 0.04  0.02 nm pore size  70% with respect to the av. pore size.Addnl., the mixt. may contain a modifier(s) selected from pitch, anthracene, dihydroanthracene, acenaphthylene, and/or poly(vinyl alc.).A method for manufg. the catalyst is also described.The catalyst is useful for MeOH decompn. for selectively obtaining CO and H.

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Phenolic resins or their raw materials 80-97 wt. parts and pitch, anthracene, dihydroanthracene, acenaphthylene, and/or polyvinyl alc. 20 wt. parts are mixed, solidified, pulverized to 10x30 mesh, and carbonized to give the title product having pore diam. 0.3-0.6 nm, 70% pore vol. at width 0.040.02nm based on av. pore diam., and pore vol. 0.1-0.2 mL/g for catalysts and catalyst supports.

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Event date： 2019.9 - 2019.10

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Event date： 2006.9

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Event date： 2006.7

Venue：Aberdeen, UK  

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Event date： 2006.7

Venue：Aberdeen, UK  

Kansai University Special Research Fund

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Event date： 2005.12

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Event date： 2005.12

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Event date： 2005.12

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Event date： 2005.12

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Event date： 2005.11

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Event date： 2005.11

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Event date： 2005.9

Venue：Brisbane  

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Event date： 2005.9

Venue：岡山  

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Event date： 2005.7

Venue：ピアザ淡海  

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Event date： 2005.6

Venue：大阪市立大学  

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Event date： 2005.6

Venue：大阪市立大学  

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Event date： 2005

Venue：Brisbane，Australia  

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Event date： 2005

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Event date： 2005

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Event date： 2005

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Event date： 2005

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Event date： 2005

Venue：ピアザ淡海  

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Event date： 2005

Venue：Brisbane  

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Event date： 2004.10

Venue：Kitakyushu  

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Event date： 2004.9

Venue：下関海峡メッセ  

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Event date： 2004.9

Venue：Sydney, Australia  

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Event date： 2004.9

Venue：Sydney, Australia  

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Event date： 2004.8

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Event date： 2004.5

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Event date： 2004.5

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Event date： 2004.5

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Event date： 2004

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Event date： 2004

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Event date： 2004

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2002

八木バイオエコロジーセンター（京都市）では，畜産廃棄物の電力及び堆肥への転換を行っている。同センターにおける畜産廃棄物処理プラントの入力‐出力データをライフサイクルインベントリーモデルを使用して解析し，累積ＣＯ２排出量を指標として環境インパクトを評価した。その結果，八木バイオエコロジーセンターが効率的なＣＯ２シンクとしての役割を果たしていることが確認された。

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Event date： 2002

メソ孔が発達し表面が親水性であるシリカゲルとミクロ孔が発達し表面が疎水性である活性炭（炭素系吸着剤）を複合化することにより，様々な細孔構造，表面特性を有する吸着剤の製造を試みた。複合化の方法として分子レベルでの複合化が可能なゾル‐ゲル法を用いた。シリカ源としてテトラエトキシシラン（ＴＥＯＳ），炭素源としてフェノール，ホルムアルデヒド，各種ジオールを用い，これらの混合比を変化させることにより，広い範囲でのメソ孔の制御が可能となった。また複合化によりメソ孔が発達した表面が疎水性の吸着剤が得られた。

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Event date： 2002

ビール粕から水酸化カリウムを用いた薬品賦活法により，高比表面積活性炭を製造し，調製条件が活性炭の細孔構造に及ぼす影響を調べた。比表面積は，炭化温度８００℃までは増加し，９００℃では減少した。含浸率は２．０で比表面積は最大となった。含浸率２．０，炭化温度８００℃で比表面積２，４４０ｍ２／ｇの活性炭が調製できた。水酸化カリウムは，５００℃以下と６００℃以上での２つの温度範囲で賦活剤として有効に作用していた。

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Event date： 2002

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Event date： 2002

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Event date： 2002

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Event date： 2002

細孔径が数Åの大きさで均一にそろった活性炭である分子ふるい炭素（ＭＳＣ）が注目されている。以下について述べた。１）ＭＳＣの製造法（熱分解法，賦活法，被覆法，蒸着法，熱収縮法），２）ＭＳＣの細孔容積分布の測定法，３）ＭＳＣの応用例（ガス分離など），４）バイオマス（ビール粕，酒粕，パームオイルシェル，クルミ殻，ピーナッツ殻）からのＭＳＣの製造，５）エステル炭化法によるＭＳＣの製造。

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Event date： 2001

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Event date： 2000.12

Processes have been designed and developed for producing microporous carbon adsorbents which are suitable for sepg. various gases.A carbonaceous starting material, oil palm shell, which can be found easily and abundantly in the country of Malaysia, has been used in the process to obtain various type of adsorbents for gas adsorption and sepn. applications.Pyrolysis, activation and chems. impregnation have been applied for the prodn. of the products.The adsorbents produced were verified for its phys. characteristics using scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG) anal. and mol. probe technique.A gas chromatog. unit has been used as gas analyzer and a single column adsorber has been used for the adsorption kinetics expts. on several mixed gas system.In this study, mixed gases like CO2/CH4 was used for the sepn. performance tests.Adsorption uptake curves of the products were recorded and discussed for the adsorption behaviors on mixed gas system.The results have shown a great feasibility of using carbon products from oil palm shell as an adsorbent for gas sepn., which are applicable and useful in chem. processing industries.In addn., the development of this material is useful and economical and can be further introduced as adsorbent for pressure swing adsorption application.

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 2000

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Event date： 1999

１）食品工場における物質とエネルギーのフロー解析と廃棄物の資源化，エネルギー化，２）固形廃棄物や有機廃液のメタン発酵によるエネルギー化，３）食品廃棄物からの活性炭への資源転換について検討した。ビール製造における工程と物質・エネルギーのフローを解析し，累積ＣＯ２原単位の変化を示した。おからと廃水混合物の発酵によりメタン転換率５０％を得た。おから活性炭は市販品と同等の吸着性能を示した。

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Event date： 1999

おからを原料として炭酸カリウムを賦活剤に用いて活性炭の製造を試みた。炭化・ 賦活温度８００℃で大きな比表面積２６５６ｍ２／ｇを有する活性炭を製造できた。炭化・賦活過程前期（５００℃まで），および炭化・賦活過程後期（７００℃以上）から成る賦活機構を提案した。炭化・賦活機構後期になると，炭酸カリウムは還元されて金属カリウムと一酸化炭素を生成する。この時炭化物の炭素が消費されるために高比表面積になったと考えられる。CCYB03000W (661.183)

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Event date： 1999

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Event date： 1999

Ｋ２ＣＯ３を加えて活性化したリグニンからの活性炭製造を検討した。Ｋ２ＣＯ３／リグニンの重量比１．０，炭化温度９００℃で製造した活性炭の比表面積は約２０００ｍ２／ｇであった。活性化機構を検討した結果，活性化剤としてのＫ２ＣＯ３は，低温ではリグニンの改質，高温では炭素のガス化に機能することが明らかになった。

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Event date： 1998

おからの有効利用のため，ＺｎＣｌ２，Ｈ３ＰＯ４及び数種のアルカリ金属化合物を化学賦活剤として用いて，おからから活性炭の製造を試みた。賦活剤の種類，乾燥したおからに対する賦活剤の含浸率及び作製した活性炭の多孔構造に及ぼす炭化温度の影響を調べた。Ｋ２ＣＯ３は含浸剤として最も効果的であることを見いだした。Ｋ２ＣＯ３の含浸率１．００のおからを使用し，窒素雰囲気中，８００℃で１ｈ炭化した活性炭は２６５６ｍ２／ｇの最大比表面積を示した。作製した活性炭への数種の蒸気吸着量は市販活性炭のそれらより大きかった。

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Event date： 1998

食品廃棄物のメタン発酵によるエネルギー化する高度処理法，活性炭製造などの利用法を検討した。回分反応器で，乾燥おから０．９～１．３ｇ／ｌ／日処理でメタン転換率は理論値に近い値が得られた。また，殆どの廃棄物から良好な活性炭が得られた。

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Event date： 1998

本研究は食品，産業廃棄物を原料としてガス賦活法による活性炭の製造を試み，製造条件による比表面積，収率，反応速度定数に及ぼす影響について検討した。ビールかす，酒粕，フェノール樹脂廃棄物等を原料として水蒸気，水蒸気と窒素の混合ガス，炭酸ガス気流中で賦活した。どの賦活ガスを用いても賦活時間の増加に伴い比表面積は増加した。ガス賦活の反応速度を一次の関数であるとしたＶＲモデルで表し，見かけ反応速度定数を求めた。速度定数は水蒸気，水蒸気窒素混合ガス，炭酸ガスの順で小であった。

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Event date： 1998

豆腐及びビール製造などの食品工業から排出される食品廃棄物や高濃度有機排水のメタン発酵によるエネルギー化及び食品廃棄物の炭化による活性炭製造を目的とした標記研究の研究計画及び進行状況を報告した。以下３項目に関する進行状況を報告した。１）豆腐工場及びビール工場の排出フローの解析（調査研究），２）固形廃棄物及び高濃度廃液のメタン発酵によるエネルギー化実験，３）活性炭製造と製造活性炭の機能解析。

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Event date： 1998

食品廃棄物のおから，ビールかす，コーヒー豆かす，茶殻及び酒かすを原料とし，アルカリ金属化合物，塩化亜鉛及びりん酸を賦活剤として活性炭を製造した。その結果，おからを原料として，賦活剤の炭酸カリウムの含浸率１．００，炭化・賦活温度８００℃及び保持時間６０ｍｉｎの条件で比表面積２６５６ｍ２／ｇの活性炭を得た。この活性炭の水蒸気，ベンゼン，アセトン及びエタノールの吸着量は，市販のやし殻活性炭のそれらに比べて非常に大きかった。おから以外の原料を用いても，市販活性炭と同等あるいはそれ以上の比表面積をもつ活性炭を製造できた。

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Event date： 1998

シリカ‐フェノール樹脂複合吸着剤をゾル‐ゲル法（フェノール，ホルムアルデヒド，テトラエトキシシラン＝ＴＥＯＳ，エタノール）で合成し，その製造条件が細孔構造や吸着特性にあたえる影響を調べた。フェノール樹脂添加率をＴＥＯＳと等モルまで徐々に増加していくと細孔径分布は小さいほうへ移動したが，樹脂添加率が１０倍モルになると細孔径分布は逆に大きいほうに移動し細孔容積は減少した。窒素の吸着・脱着等温線の形状から，樹脂無添加のときの円筒状の細孔構造が樹脂添加によりくびれのある細孔構造に変化したためであると考えた。樹脂の添加率で細孔構造を調節できることが分かった。

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Event date： 1998

電解質溶液の流通が可能な通液型コンデンサを用いて，分極性電極用の活性炭の性状，特に孔隙構造が無機化合物の除去特性に及ぼす影響を調べた。実験には木質系とピッチ系（高比表面積）各２種及び石炭系とやし殻系各１種の市販活性炭を用いた。シート状に成形した活性炭を可とう性黒鉛シート電極とセパレータで挟んだ構造の通電型コンデンサを試作した。Ｎａ，Ｋ及びＣａの硫酸塩の水溶液（１ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ）について，印加電圧と流量を変えて除去実験を行い，出口部の電気伝導度の時間変化を測定した。希薄な水溶液から低電圧で最高９０％以上の除去率を得た。除去に有効な細孔は１．４～３．０ｎｍ径の部位であると推測した。

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Event date： 1997

テトラエトキシシラン溶液とＰＥＧ，サリチル酸，タンニン酸など８種の有機物を複合化させ標題多孔体（Ｉ）を得た。Ｉが窒素と水を吸着する速度を測定し，比表面積と細孔径分布を求めた。これらの値に対するＰＥＧの添加量と分子量の影響は小さかった。しかし，他の有機物特にサリチル酸は細孔半径を小さくさせ比表面積を増大させた。特に３００℃で焼成後の比表面積を著しく増大させた。これら効果には有機物の官能基数が微妙に影響した。

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Event date： 1997

テトラエトキシシランとエタノールを用いたゾル‐ゲル法による製造過程で，リグニンを添加してその細孔構造を変化させることを試みた。添加率（リグニン／シリカ）が０．０１までは増加に伴って，比表面積が大きくなり，平均細孔径は小さくなったが，添加率が０．１になると比表面積は減少した。この原因はリグニンが線状のシリカ重合体を架橋するためと考える

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Event date： 1997

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Event date： 1996

緑藻Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｒｅｉｎｈａｒｄｔｉｉ Ｃ２３８の光合成による炭酸ガス固定を試みた。この研究では，小型セルによる回分実験で，溶存酸素濃度が炭酸ガス固定能に及ぼす影響を検討し，エアリフト反応器による培養実験で，藻体の増殖速度と培地栄養源が炭酸ガス固定能に及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果，以下の知見を得た。１）酸素濃度が５０容量％まで，濃度増加は固定能を高めるが，それを越えると低下させる。２）固定速度と増殖速度の間に量論的関係が存在する

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Event date： 1996

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Event date： 1996

廃棄物であるおからを利用して，数種類のアルカリ金属化合物および塩化亜鉛，リン酸を用いて種々の条件で活性炭の製造を試みた。その結果，炭酸カリウムが賦活剤として最も有効であることが分かり，含浸率１．００，炭化・賦活温度８００℃，保持時間６０分間で比表面積２６５６ｍ２／ｇを有する活性炭を製造できた

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Event date： 1995

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Event date： 1995

エアリフト反応器を用い，炭酸ガス濃度５％，照度３０００ｌｕｘで，栄養源制御の有無および反復の回分培養を行なった。硝酸イオンが枯渇しないように培養すれば，藻体の高濃度培養が可能である。炭酸ガス固定能は照度に依存し，固定速度は藻体濃度１００ｍｇ／ｌ以下では藻体濃度に比例する。藻体濃度を１００ｍｇ／ｌ付近に制御し，高効率に炭酸ガス固定できた

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Event date： 1994

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Event date： 1994

Costello coal was pulverized to 1.00-1.18 mm size and mixed with ZnCl2 and water.The resulting mixt. was gradually heated to its carbonization temp. at 20/min.The resulting product was rinsed with HCl to obtain an activated C.The activated C had surface area of 1,400 m2/g

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Event date： 1994

緑藻Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｒｅｉｎｈａｒｄｔｉｉ Ｃ‐２３８の種々の培養条件を変化させた際の増殖特性の評価と外部循環式エアリフト反応器を用いた際の藻体の炭酸固定能の評価を行った。二酸化炭素は増殖速度の最大値に影響を与え，照度は最大藻体濃度と増殖速度に影響を与えることを示した。二酸化炭素の固定に硝酸イオンが重要な因子であることを明らかにした

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Event date： 1991

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Venue：オンライン  

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Venue：オンライン  

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Venue：Sydney  

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Venue：ピアザ淡海  

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Application no：特願平3-105071  Date applied：1991.4

Announcement no：特開平5-345130  Date announced：1993.12

Patent/Registration no：特許第3099976号  Date registered：2000.8  Date issued：2000.8

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