Organization
Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering Associate Professor
Title
Associate Professor
External link
HASEGAWA,Isao
Degree
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博士（工学） ( 京都大学 )
Research Interests
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バイオマス
Research Areas
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Manufacturing Technology (Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemical Engineering) / Catalyst and resource chemical process
Education
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Kyoto University
- 2002
Country： Japan
Professional Memberships
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化学工学会
Papers
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Biodiesel Fuel Production from Soybean Oil Using a Microreactor
Yosuke Muranaka, Taisuke Maki, Isao Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Ryutaro Kubota, Ryoma Kaji, Kazuhiro Mae
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 56 ( 1 ) 2023.5
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Three combined pretreatments for reactive gasification feedstock from wet coffee grounds waste Reviewed
Isao Hasegawa, Tatsuya Tsujiuchi, Kazuhiro Mae
Green Processing and Synthesis 10 ( 1 ) 169 - 177 2021.3
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Lignin-based resin production from lignocellulosic biomass combining acidic saccharification and acetone-water treatment Reviewed
Yosuke Muranaka, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Isao Hasegawa, Taisuke Maki, Junji Hosokawa, Junya Ikuta, Kazuhiro Mae
Chemical Engineering Journal 308 754 - 759 2017.1
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Yosuke Muranaka, Ryuichi Murata, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
Chemical Engineering Journal 274 265 - 273 2015.8
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Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass under Mild Condition Using Ionic Liquid Reviewed
Yosuke Muranaka, Tatsuya Suzuki, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 48 ( 9 ) 774 - 781 2015
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Catalytic conversion of saccharide into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using cation exchanged resin Reviewed
Yosuke Muranaka, Yoshitaka Kubota, Yusuke Nobuta, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 248 2014.8
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Yosuke Muranaka, Tatsuya Suzuki, Hiroyuki Sawanishi, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53 ( 29 ) 11611 - 11621 2014.7
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Selective production of valuable chemicals from biomass by two-step conversion combining pre-oxidation and hydrothermal degradation Reviewed
Yosuke Muranaka, Akira Iwai, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 234 189 - 194 2013.12
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Direct saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by hydrolysis with formic acid solution Reviewed
Isao Hasegawa, Teng Hong Khoo, Kazuhiro Mae
GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS 2 ( 2 ) 143 - 149 2013.4
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Depolymerization of extracted lignin in hot compressed water for production of resin material Reviewed
Isao Hasegawa, Ryuichi Murata, Yusuke Inoue, Kazuhiro Mae
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 244 2012.8
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Selective Production of Organic Acids and Depolymerization of Lignin by Hydrothermal Oxidation with Diluted Hydrogen Peroxide Reviewed
Isao Hasegawa, Yusuke Inoue, Yosuke Muranaka, Toshiya Yasukawa, Kazuhiro Mae
ENERGY & FUELS 25 ( 2 ) 791 - 796 2011.2
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Correlations of kinetic parameters in biomass pyrolysis with solid residue yield and lignin content Reviewed
Kenji Hashimoto, Isao Hasegawa, Junichi Hayashi, Kazuhiro Mae
FUEL 90 ( 1 ) 104 - 112 2011.1
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Alternative Reforming Methods of Primary Tar Released from Gas Treatment of Biomass at Low Temperature for Development of Pyrolysis/Gasification Process Reviewed
Weerawut Chaiwat, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 49 ( 8 ) 3577 - 3584 2010.4
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橋本 健治, 長谷川 功, 林 順一, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2010 112 - 112 2010
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Analysis of Cross-Linking Behavior during Pyrolysis of Cellulose for Elucidating Reaction Pathway Reviewed
Weerawut Chaiwat, Isao Hasegawa, Takaaki Tani, Kenshi Sunagawa, Kazuhiro Mae
ENERGY & FUELS 23 ( 12 ) 5765 - 5772 2009.12
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Examination of the Low-Temperature Region in a Downdraft Gasifier for the Pyrolysis Product Analysis of Biomass Air Gasification Reviewed
Weerawut Chaiwat, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 48 ( 19 ) 8934 - 8943 2009.10
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チャイワット ウィーラウット, 長谷川 功, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2009 499 - 499 2009
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Pyrolysis of the mixture of biomass and plastics in countercurrent flow reactor Part I: Experimental analysis and modeling of kinetics Reviewed
Yoshikage Ohmukai, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
FUEL 87 ( 13-14 ) 3105 - 3111 2008.10
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Examination of degree of cross-linking for cellulose precursors pretreated with acid/hot water at low temperature Reviewed
Weerawut Chaiwat, Isao Hasegawa, Junichi Kori, Kazuhiro Mae
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 47 ( 16 ) 5948 - 5956 2008.8
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Production of an iron-loaded carbonaceous material through pyrolyzing biomass impregnated with FeCl2 Reviewed
Yoshikage Ohmukai, Isao Hasegawa, Hidetada Fujisawa, Osamu Okuma, Kazuhiro Mae
FUEL 87 ( 10-11 ) 2041 - 2049 2008.8
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A new method for estimating the composition of biomass and plastics mixture by combining pyrolytic and calorimetric analyses Reviewed
Yoshikage Ohmukai, Fumito Nakanishi, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 87 ( 7 ) 519 - 524 2008.7
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Structure-Controlled Pyrolysis of Biomass with Sodium Hydroxide for Suppression of Tar Formation Reviewed
Yoshikage Ohmukai, Kosuke Fujimoto, Isao Hasegawa, Shigeya Hayashi, Kazuhiro Mae
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 41 ( 4 ) 312 - 318 2008
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Effect of Metal Compounds on Pyrolysis Profiles of Douglas Fir Reviewed
Yoshikage Ohmukai, Kosuke Fujimoto, Isao Hasegawa, Shigeya Hayashi, Kazuhiro Mae
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 41 ( 4 ) 319 - 324 2008
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Characterization of carbonized municipal waste as substitute for coal fuel Reviewed
Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Kazuhiro Mae, Isao Hasegawa, Kohei Suzuki, Hironobu Fujiyoshi, Masaaki Ito, Muneo Ayabe
FUEL 86 ( 1-2 ) 264 - 272 2007.1
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各種無機化合物による脱水促進を利用したバイオマスの炭化収率の向上
藤本 公介, 大向 吉景, 長谷川 功, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2007 152 - 152 2007
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A New Kinetic Model for Cellulose Pyrolysis Based on the Change of its Macromolecule Structure Reviewed
Sunagawa K, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae
Science in Thermal and Chemical Biomass Conversion, 2006, 1124-1134 2006
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Quantitative Prediction of Yield and Elemental Composition during Pyrolysis of Wood Biomass Reviewed
HASEGAWA Isao, FUJISAWA Hidetada, SUNAGAWA Kenji, MAE Kazuhiro
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 84 ( 1 ) 46 - 52 2005.1
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大向 吉景, 長谷川 功, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2005 642 - 642 2005
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ESTIMATION OF CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Reviewed
HASEGAWA I, NAKANISHI F, OHMUKAI Y, MAE K
Sel Pap Present 3rd Int Symp Feedstock Recycl Plast 2005 35 - 42 2005
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藤沢 秀忠, 長谷川 功, 大隈 修, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2005 658 - 658 2005
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Development of a new micromixer based on split/recombination for mass production and its application to soap free emulsifier Reviewed
K Mae, T Maki, Hasegawa, I, U Eto, Y Mizutani, N Honda
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 101 ( 1-3 ) 31 - 38 2004.8
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New pretreatment methods combining a hot water treatment and water/acetone extraction for thermo-chemical conversion of biomass Reviewed
Hasegawa, I, K Tabata, O Okuma, K Mae
ENERGY & FUELS 18 ( 3 ) 755 - 760 2004.5
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砂川 賢司, 長谷川 功, 前 一廣
化学工学会 研究発表講演要旨集 2003 309 - 309 2003
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Estimation of hydrogen bond distributions formed between coal and polar solvents using in situ IR technique Reviewed
K Miura, K Mae, Hasegawa, I, HK Chen, A Kumano, K Tamura
ENERGY & FUELS 16 ( 1 ) 23 - 31 2002.1
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A new conversion method for recovering valuable chemicals from oil palm shell wastes utilizing liquid-phase oxidation with H2O2 under mild conditions Reviewed
K Mae, Hasegawa, I, N Sakai, K Miura
ENERGY & FUELS 14 ( 6 ) 1212 - 1218 2000.11
Books
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「バイオマスプロセスハンドブック」（編集委員、1.1.1 1.1.4 1.3.20節の執筆担当）
化学工学会, 日本エネルギー学会, 共編
オーム社 2012.5
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『バイオマスからの気体燃料製造とエネルギー利用』
前 一廣, 長谷川 功（ Role： Contributor）
（第１編，第２章執筆），NTS（2007） 2007
MISC
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長谷川 功, 前 一廣
関西大学先端科学技術シンポジウム講演集 20 64 - 67 2016.1
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Effective acidic hydrothermal degradation of cellulose to levulinic acid through pretreatment
Yosuke Muranaka, Tatsuya Suzuki, Isao Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Mae
Energy and Transport Processes 2014 - Core Programming Area at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety 232 - 238 2015.1
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教育と研究に従事して
長谷川 功
化学工学 = Chemical engineering 75 ( 8 ) 522 - 523 2011.8
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高温高圧酸化改質を利用したリグノセルロースのリファイナリースキームの検討
長谷川功, 岩井顕, 前一廣
バイオマス科学会議発表論文集 6th 90 - 91 2011.1
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バイオマス構成成分の加圧熱水中での酸化分解による有機酸の回収 Reviewed
長谷川功
化学工学会第41回秋季大会，東広島，2009．9 2009
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木質バイオマスの伝熱と熱分解特性に及ぼす試料サイズの影響 Reviewed
長谷川功
化学工学会第41回秋季大会，東広島，2009．9 2009
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Improvement of biomass gasification through several ppretreatments Reviewed
I. Hasegawa, K. Ikeda, Y. Ohmukai, W. Chaiwat, K. Mae
AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings 2007
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Control of Decomposition Reaction of Biomass by Adding Various Inorganic Compounds Reviewed
K. Fujimoto, Y. Ohmukai, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae
Gordon Conference of Hydrocarbon Processing (2007.1.10, Ventura, CA). 2007
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Control of product distribution by temperature proflies of gas and solid phases during pyrolysis of wastes under countercurrent flow Reviewed
Y. Ohmukai, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae
Gordon Conference of Hydrocarbon Processing (2007.1.10, Ventura, CA) 2007
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The suppression of tar evolution during biomass pyrolysis by using simple air treatment method Reviewed
W. Chaiwat, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae
AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings 2007
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Reduction in TAR yield by temperature profiles of gas and solid phases during pyrolysis of wastes under countercurrent flow Reviewed
Y. Ohmukai, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae
AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings 2007
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Effect of Pretreatment at Low temperature on Precursor Structure and Product Distribution during Biomass Pyrolysis Reviewed
W. Chaiwat, I. Hasegawa, J. Kori, K. Mae
Gordon Conference of Hydrocarbon Processing (2007.1.10, Ventura, CA). 2007
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「木質バイオマスとそのモデル物質の熱分解反応の速度解析」 Reviewed
長谷川 功, 前 一廣, 橋本
化学工学会第39回秋季大会，札幌，2007．9 2007
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Effect of metallic compounds addition on the decrease in TAR yield during pyrolysis of biomass Reviewed
Y. Ohmukai, K. Fujimoto, I. Hasegawa, S. Hayashi, K. Mae
AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings 2007
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「バイオマスからのタール発生ゼロを目指した新しい改質/熱分解法の検討」 Reviewed
CHAIWAT Weerawut, 長谷川功, 前 一廣
化学工学会第72 年会, D117 (2007. 3.19, 京都） 2007 150 - 150 2007
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気固向流接触による廃棄物熱分解の生成物分布の制御 Reviewed
大向 吉景, 長谷川 功, 前 一廣
第15回日本エネルギー学会大会, No.3-29 (2006.8.3, 東京） 2006
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Structural Modification of Cellulose through a Hydrothermal Treatment for Changing the Pyrolysate Reviewed
Isao Hasegawa
Joint 8th International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions & 7th International Conference on Solvo-Thermal Reactions, Sendai, Japan, 2006. 8 2006
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「カルシウム担持バイオマスと低温回収バイオオイルの共分解による生成タールの低減」 Reviewed
堀口彰太, 長谷川功, 前一廣
化学工学会第38 回秋季大会, P208 (2006.9.16, 福岡） 2006
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New Conversion Technology for Biomass
MAE Kazuhiro, HASEGAWA Isao
Energy and resources 26 ( 3 ) 173 - 177 2005.5
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バイオマスの事前改質処理法の開発 (特集 注目されるバイオマス利用技術)
前 一廣, 長谷川 功
ケミカルエンジニヤリング 48 ( 8 ) 590 - 594 2003.8
Presentations
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Kinetic Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis and Estimation of its Parameters
Second International Symposium on Gasification and Its Application 2010.12 Kyushu University, GCOE
Industrial property rights
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ガス化燃料の製造方法
美藤 裕, 前 一廣, 長谷川 功
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炭素質原料の熱分解方法
橋本 茂, 永井 和範, 前 一廣, 長谷川 功, 大向 吉景, 加藤 也寸彦
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排ガス脱硫方法または排水浄化方法
前 一廣, 大貫一雄, 長谷川 功, 牧 泰輔, 大隈 修, 花木恵悟, 稲葉淳史
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廃棄物の処理方法
前 一廣, 大貫一雄, 長谷川 功, 牧 泰輔, 大隈 修, 花木恵悟, 稲葉淳史
Research Projects
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Dehydrated sugars production by combining hydrothermal and thermal decomposition of wood
Grant number：15K06555 2015.10 - 2018.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
HASEGAWA Isao
Grant amount：\4420000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost：\1020000 ）
Biomass is bulky and hard to transport. It is essential to convert biomass into more valuable chemicals on-site. One option is pyrolysis but it has demerit to produce inactive high molecular weight tar. We improved selectivity of sugar-derived tar by thermal decomposition of cedar tree under 300 degree Celsius. And addition of calcium compounds brought about 60% contents of dehydrated sugars in cellulose tar. Levoglucosan for standard pyrolyzate of cellulose was hydrolized under hydrothermal condition at 200 degree Celsius, more valuable dehydrated sugar HMF contents became higher than unreacted one.
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Selective production of resin material monomers from lignocellulosic biomass via thermochemical conversion
Grant number：25249109 2013.4 - 2016.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Mae Kazuhiro, HASEGAWA ISAO, MURANAKA YOSUKE
Grant amount：\44460000 （ Direct Cost: \34200000 、 Indirect Cost：\10260000 ）
Xylan was selectively converted into furfural at the yield of 38.3% at 150℃ using 2-sec butylphenol as an extraction agent. Cedar was treated with 25vol% formic acid at 150℃, which resulted in saccharide yield of 46.4%. Then, saccharide was converted into HMF at the yield of 53.2 mol% using prepared reusable solid acid catalyst with an extraction agent. Furthermore, lignin-rich residue via formic acidic saccharification was treated with 30wt% acetone at 295℃, which resulted in 0.8 g/g-lignin yield of high functional lignin resin material.
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Selective recovery of chemicals by multi-step pyrolysis of dry biomass
Grant number：23760728 2011 - 2012
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
HASEGAWA Isao
Grant amount：\4160000 （ Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost：\960000 ）
Pyrolysis method was investigated for the selective recovery of tar which can be converted into valuable chemicals easily. As a result, furan was recovered from xylan in woody biomass with a high yield suppressing devolatilization of lignin by the two-step pyrolysis. On the other hand, extracted lignin was converted into the resin materials by pyrolysis.
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Development of new thermochemical conversion method for biorefinery
Grant number：22246100 2010 - 2012
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
MAE Kazuhiro, HASEGAWA Isao
Grant amount：\47190000 （ Direct Cost: \36300000 、 Indirect Cost：\10890000 ）
Lignin was oxidized for 2 min at 200 ℃, the total yield of organic acids was as large as 0.45 g/g-lignin. And an efficient production of pyruvate by the oxidative dehydrogenation of lactate was achieved using a micro flow system based on gas liquid slug flow. Finally, the two-step oxidation process in which valuable chemicals (HMF, organic acids) were recovered with the total yield of as much as 60% was developed.
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Survey Research for Developing Highly-Efficient Upgrading Technology of Brown Coals Mined in Asia and Oceania
Grant number：21404015 2009 - 2012
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
MIURA Kouichi, KAWASE Motoaki, NAKAGAWA Hiroyuki, ASHIDA Ryuichi, HASEGAWA Isao, SUGAWARA Katsuyasu, HAYASHI Jun-ichi, OHKI Akira, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko
Grant amount：\17160000 （ Direct Cost: \13200000 、 Indirect Cost：\3960000 ）
Low rank coals such as brown coals are abundant but it is generally difficult to transport and store due to their high spontaneous combustibility. Therefore, it is necessary to develop upgrading processes of brown coals which will be utilized at the coal mines so that Japan can use such an abundant resource. In order to develop highly-efficient and environmentally-friendly processes, wehave to understand current situations of mining, pretreatment, and environmental measure at the coal mines. In this research, we visited several brown coal mines in Asia and performed a survey on mining method, pretreatment method, and environmental measure
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Study on New Pyrolytic Gasification Methods of Biomass using Air Pretreatment
Grant number：19206083 2007 - 2009
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
MAE Kazuhiro, HASEGAWA Isao
Grant amount：\42770000 （ Direct Cost: \32900000 、 Indirect Cost：\9870000 ）
This study was dedicated to the clarification and modification of biomass pyrolysis mechanism under different conditions with the newly proposed parameter index based on structural analyses of cellulose, particularly cross-linking behavior. We aimed to further develop the pyrolysis/gasification process by considering the combination of pretreatments at low temperature with simple reforming methods at high temperature to selectively obtain valuable products.
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Survey Research on Long-Distance Transportation of Australian Brown Coal
Grant number：18404019 2006 - 2008
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
MIURA Kouichi, KAWASE Motoaki, NAKAGAWA Hiroyuki, ASHIDA Ryuichi, HASEGAWA Isao, OHKI Akira, SUGAWARA Katsuyasu, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko
Grant amount：\15210000 （ Direct Cost: \12900000 、 Indirect Cost：\2310000 ）
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Development of efficient biomass conversion method combined oil dewatering and two-stage gasification at low temperature.
Grant number：15360429 2003 - 2004
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
MAE Kazuhiro, MAKI Taisuke, HASEGAWA Isao
Grant amount：\15200000 （ Direct Cost: \15200000 ）
To convert efficiently biomass wastes into energy, several problems such as high water content, quality change in material, tar evolution, etc. should be qualified. In this study, we proposed a new method combined oil dewatering and low temperature pyrolysis, and examine in detail the following items.
1) Development of a new dewatering and upgrade method for wet biomass
2) Production of gasification catalyst from wet biomass though low temperature pyrolysis
First, we examine the dewatering of several wet biomass, and then clarified that the combination of the hydrothermal treatment at 250 C and the oil dewatering at 180 C brought about an excellent modified biomass having a high calorific value of 35.5MJ/kg. The value was comparable to that of high volatile sub-bituminous coal, which is used as a material of power plant.
Secondly, we found that the tar was restricted, on the contrary chat increased during the pyrolysis biomass by impregnating Ca(OH)2. The char was very active, and utilized as a gasification catalyst.
Finally, we clarified the relationship between each yield and H/C of biomass, and a new method for estimating the quality of pyrolyzed char utilizing CHO chart.
Thus, it was clarified that the proposed methods were useful for converting wet biomass into energy and chemicals. -
バイオマス系廃棄物の再資源化のための新規前処理法の開発
Grant number：15760577 2003 - 2004
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B)
長谷川 功
Grant amount：\3200000 （ Direct Cost: \3200000 ）
昨年度に続いて、抽出条件が抽出率におよぼす種々の影響を検討した。溶剤としては同じくアセトン水溶液を用いた。一段回分式と二段流通式を比較した結果、両プロセスとも同程度の抽出率を示すことがわかった。一段回分式では50%アセトン水溶液の200℃抽出によって、50%の抽出率を示した。これは二段流通式の脱リグニン温度230℃より低温であるが、回分式であるために加水分解で生成したヘミセルロースからの有機酸が、脱リグニンを触媒していることが、詳細な分析により明らかとなった。すなわち、ヘミセルロースのアセチル基もまた分解することで酢酸を生じ、溶液のpHを下げ、脱リグニンを促進したのである。よって脱リグニン温度を小さくすることはできるが、生成物を分離しながら回収することはできないことになる。また、同じ抽出率である二段流通式抽出では、230℃というより高温にさらされているため、固体として残るセルロースが脱水架橋化し、酸素含有率が小さく、熱分解によるチャー収率の増加に成功した。これにより、純セルロースのチャー収率が6%程度なのに対して、3倍以上もの21%を達成することができた。一方、リグニン抽出液については、昨年度購入の液体クロマトグラフを用いて、分子量分布を測定した。その結果、流通式では分子量900程度に、回分式では1800と7200程度にピークをもつ分布の分子量へと低分子化しながら、アセトンに抽出されていることがわかった。流通式では抽出温度が高いこと、回分式では再縮合が起こることがその理由と考えられる。以上より、両プロセスともにアセトンを抽出溶剤として用いていることから、溶剤の回収も可能で、それによるリグニンの分離も容易である。また、激しい分解を伴っていないことから、炭酸ガスなどもほとんど排出せず、提案法はバイオマスから成分を分離する前処理としては極めて環境調和型であることを明らかにした。
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バイオマス
Grant type：Competitive