Updated on 2024/03/30

写真a

 
Fukushima,Hirokata
 
Organization
Faculty of Sociology Professor
Title
Professor
External link

Degree

  • 博士(学術) ( 東京大学 )

Research Interests

  • fMRI.

  • EEG/ERP

  • Psychophysiology

  • Social neuroscience

  • Cognitive neuroscience

  • Affective neuroscience

  • empathy

  • self-recognition

  • ERP

  • self awareness

  • respiration

  • EEG

  • interoception

  • emotion

  • alexithymia

  • ECG

Research Areas

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Experimental psychology

  • Life Science / Neuroscience-general

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Cognitive science

Education

  • The University of Tokyo

    - 2006

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    Country: Japan

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Papers

  • Development of the Engagement with Beauty Scale‐Revised, Japanese Version (EBS‐R‐J), and Confirmation of its Validity and Reliability1 Reviewed

    Jingni Liu, Rhett Diessner, Hirokata Fukushima

    Japanese Psychological Research   2024.2

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    Authorship:Last author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12506

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  • Effects of alexithymia and its subfactors on emotional response to music Reviewed

    Jingni Liu, Hirokata Fukushima

    Psychology of Music   51 ( 2 )   412 - 428   2022.6

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    Authorship:Last author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SAGE Publications  

    Alexithymia is a trait characterized by decreased emotional response to visual or verbal stimuli. However, Lyvers et al. suggest that alexithymia is positively correlated with the magnitude of emotional response to music (ERM). This study reexamines their findings in two sets of Asian population (China [ n = 344] and Japan [ n = 341]) using online surveys to investigate the subfactors of alexithymia. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS) were used to measure alexithymia and ERM in the participants, along with trait anxiety and music experiences in their daily lives. The obtained data showed that in both the Chinese and the Japanese populations, individuals with higher alexithymia tend to have higher GEMS scores (i.e., higher ERM), which is consistent with the finding of the previous study. Furthermore, alexithymia and ERM are correlated because of difficulty in identifying feelings, a subfactor of alexithymia. These results were not influenced by trait anxiety. In addition, alexithymia showed no correlation with either the frequency of listening to music or the degree of music absorption in daily life. We argued that the nonverbal characteristic of music might be key to the association between alexithymia and ERM.

    DOI: 10.1177/03057356221098096

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    Other Link: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/03057356221098096

  • Interoception is associated with the impact of eye contact on spontaneous facial mimicry. Reviewed International journal

    Masahiro Imafuku, Hirokata Fukushima, Yuko Nakamura, Masako Myowa, Shinsuke Koike

    Scientific reports   10 ( 1 )   19866 - 19866   2020.11

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Interoception (perception of one's own physiological state) has been suggested to underpin social cognition, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate the relationship between interoception and two factors underlying social cognition: self-other boundary and sensitivity to social cues. We measured performance in a heartbeat perception task as an index of interoceptive accuracy (IAc), the frequency of spontaneous facial mimicry (SFM) as an index of self-other boundary, and the degree of the effect of eye contact on SFM (difference in SFM between conditions in which models' eyes were directed to and averted from participants) as an index of social-cue sensitivity, and tested correlations among these measures. The results revealed that IAc and SFM were positively correlated only in the direct gaze condition. The extent of the effect of eye contact on SFM (difference in frequency between direct vs. averted conditions) was positively correlated with IAc. These overall findings were also observed in separate analyses of male and female participant groups, supporting the robustness of the findings. The results suggest that interoception is related to sensitivity to social cues, and may also be related to the self-other boundary with modulation by social context.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76393-8

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  • Temporal Matching Between Interoception and Exteroception Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Yukari Tanaka, Masako Myowa

    Journal of Psychophysiology   33 ( 4 )   219 - 231   2019.10

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Hogrefe Publishing Group  

    Abstract. Recent studies on interoception emphasize the importance of multisensory integration between interoception and exteroception. One of the methods frequently applied for assessing interoceptive sensitivity is the heartbeat discrimination task, where individuals judge whether the timing of external stimuli (e.g., tones) are synchronized to their own heartbeat. Despite its extensive use in research, the neural dynamics underlying the temporal matching between interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli in this task have remained unclear. The present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the neural responses of healthy participants who performed a heartbeat discrimination task. We analyzed the differences between EEG responses to tones, which were likely to be perceived as “heartbeat-synchronous” (200 ms delayed from the R wave) or “heartbeat-asynchronous” (0 ms delayed). Possible associations of these neural differentiations with task performance were also investigated. Compared with the responses to heartbeat-asynchronous tones, heartbeat-synchronous tones caused a relative decrease in early gamma-band EEG response and an increase in later P2 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude. Condition differences in the EEG/ERP measures were not significantly correlated with the behavioral measures. The mechanisms underlying the observed neural responses and the possibility of electrophysiological measurement of interoceptive sensitivity are discussed in terms of two perspectives: the predictive coding framework and the cardiac-phase-dependent baroreceptor function.

    DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000224

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  • Knowing my affect through my body: Interoceptive approach on affective and clinical psychology Invited

    Hirokata Fukushima

    Japanese Psychological Review   61 ( 3 )   301 - 321   2019.1

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

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  • Behavioral evidence of delayed prediction signals during agency attribution in patients with schizophrenia Reviewed

    Akihiro Koreki, Takaki Maeda, Hirokata Fukushima, Satoshi Umeda, Keisuke Takahata, Tsukasa Okimura, Michitaka Funayama, Satoru Iwashita, Masaru Mimura, Motoichiro Kato

    PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH   230 ( 1 )   78 - 83   2015.11

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    Self-disturbance, a core feature of schizophrenia, recently has been explained from the standpoint of an abnormal sense of agency (SoA). Previous studies showed that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia arise from imprecise predictions about the sensory consequences of actions. However, the nature of the malfunctioning predictions remains unclear. We examined the temporally "delayed" nature of inadequate predictions. We studied 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. Our original SoA task evaluates explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an intentional action and an effect on a computer screen under the presence of temporal biases. We introduced an adaptation with a "trial-by-trial" method that prolonged or shortened the temporal biases. We hypothesized that delayed prediction signals in schizophrenia could lead to a match in timing between predictions and actual outcomes, resulting in self-agency. The adjustment courses to changing temporal biases were evaluated. Patients with schizophrenia continued to feel self-agency even when the adjusted temporal bias was longer than 1000 ms. This result indicated that patient's prediction would be delayed in each trial. Our study empirically showed behavioral evidence for "delayed" prediction signals in a SoA paradigm for the first time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.023

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  • Neural correlates of error processing reflect individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity Reviewed

    Takuya Sueyoshi, Fumie Sugimoto, Jun'ichi Katayama, Hirokata Fukushima

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY   94 ( 3 )   278 - 286   2014.12

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Although self-monitoring is an important process for adaptive behaviors in multiple domains, the exact relationship among different internal monitoring systems is unclear. Here, we aimed to determine whether and how physiological monitoring (interoception) and behavioral monitoring (error processing) are related to each other. To this end we examined within-subject correlations among measures representing each function. Score on the heartbeat counting task (HCT) was used as a measure of interoceptive awareness. The amplitude of two event-related potentials (error-related negativity [ERNI and error-positivity [Pe]) elicited in error trials of a choice-reaction task (Simon task) were used as measures of error processing. The Simon task presented three types of stimuli (objects, faces showing disgust, and happy faces) to further examine how emotional context might affect inter-domain associations. Results showed that HCT score was robustly correlated with Pe amplitude (the later portion of error-related neural activity), irrespective of stimulus condition. In contrast, HCT score was correlated with ERN amplitude (the early component) only when participants were presented with disgust-faces as stimuli, which may have automatically elicited a physiological response. Behavioral data showed that HCT score was associated with the degree to which reaction times slowed after committing errors in the object condition. Cardiac activity measures indicated that vigilance level would not explain these correlations. These results suggest a relationship between physiological and behavioral monitoring. Furthermore, the degree to which behavioral monitoring relies on physiological monitoring appears to be flexible and depend on the situation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.10.001

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  • Mothers' multimodal information processing is modulated by multimodal interactions with their infants Reviewed

    Yukari Tanaka, Hirokata Fukushima, Kazuo Okanoya, Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   4   6623   2014.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    Social learning in infancy is known to be facilitated by multimodal (e. g., visual, tactile, and verbal) cues provided by caregivers. In parallel with infants' development, recent research has revealed that maternal neural activity is altered through interaction with infants, for instance, to be sensitive to infant-directed speech (IDS). The present study investigated the effect of mother-infant multimodal interaction on maternal neural activity. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of mothers were compared to non-mothers during perception of tactile-related words primed by tactile cues. Only mothers showed ERP modulation when tactile cues were incongruent with the subsequent words, and only when the words were delivered with IDS prosody. Furthermore, the frequency of mothers' use of those words was correlated with the magnitude of ERP differentiation between congruent and incongruent stimuli presentations. These results suggest that mother-infant daily interactions enhance multimodal integration of the maternal brain in parenting contexts.

    DOI: 10.1038/srep06623

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  • Complicated association between interoception and emotion: Comments on Terasawa and Umeda's article

    Fukushima Hirokata

    JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW   57 ( 1 )   67 - 76   2014.3

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:心理学評論刊行会  

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  • Neural representation of face familiarity in an awake chimpanzee Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Satoshi Hirata, Goh Matsuda, Ari Ueno, Kohki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Kazuo Hiraki, Masaki Tomonaga, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    PEERJ   1   e223   2013.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:PEERJ INC  

    Evaluating the familiarity of faces is critical for social animals as it is the basis of individual recognition. In the present study, we examined how face familiarity is reflected in neural activities in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Skin-surface event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured while a fully awake chimpanzee observed photographs of familiar and unfamiliar chimpanzee faces (Experiment 1) and human faces (Experiment 2). The ERPs evoked by chimpanzee faces differentiated unfamiliar individuals from familiar ones around midline areas centered on vertex sites at approximately 200 ms after the stimulus onset. In addition, the ERP response to the image of the subject's own face did not significantly diverge from those evoked by familiar chimpanzees, suggesting that the subject's brain at a minimum remembered the image of her own face. The ERPs evoked by human faces were not influenced by the familiarity of target individuals. These results indicate that chimpanzee neural representations are more sensitive to the familiarity of conspecific than allospecific faces.

    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.223

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  • Neural substrates for judgment of self-agency in ambiguous situations Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Yurie Goto, Takaki Maeda, Motoichiro Kato, Satoshi Umeda

    PLoS ONE   8 ( 8 )   e72267   2013.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Public Library of Science  

    The sense of agency is the attribution of oneself as the cause of one's own actions and their effects. Accurate agency judgments are essential for adaptive behaviors in dynamic environments, especially in conditions of uncertainty. However, it is unclear how agency judgments are made in ambiguous situations where self-agency and non-self-agency are both possible. Agency attribution is thus thought to require higher-order neurocognitive processes that integrate several possibilities. Furthermore, neural activity specific to self-attribution, as compared with non-self-attribution, may reflect higher-order critical operations that contribute to constructions of self-consciousness. Based on these assumptions, the present study focused on agency judgments under ambiguous conditions and examined the neural correlates of this operation with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants performed a simple but demanding agency-judgment task, which required them to report on whether they attributed their own action as the cause of a visual stimulus change. The temporal discrepancy between the participant's action and the visual events was adaptively set to be maximally ambiguous for each individual on a trial-by-trial basis. Comparison with results for a control condition revealed that the judgment of agency was associated with activity in lateral temporo-parietal areas, medial frontal areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal area, and frontal operculum/insula regions. However, most of these areas did not differentiate between self- and non-self-attribution. Instead, self-attribution was associated with activity in posterior midline areas, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that deliberate self-attribution of an external event is principally associated with activity in posterior midline structures, which is imperative for self-consciousness.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072267

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  • How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study Reviewed

    Yuri Terasawa, Hirokata Fukushima, Satoshi Umeda

    Human Brain Mapping   34 ( 3 )   598 - 612   2013.3

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:3  

    Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience have suggested that the integration of information about the internal bodily state and the external environment is crucial for the experience of emotion. Extensive overlap between the neural mechanisms underlying the subjective emotion and those involved in interoception (perception of that which is arising from inside the body) has been identified. However, the mechanisms of interaction between the neural substrates of interoception and emotional experience remain unclear. We examined the common and distinct features of the neural activity underlying evaluation of emotional and bodily state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The right anterior insular cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) were identified as commonly activated areas. As both of these areas are considered critical for interoceptive awareness, these results suggest that attending to the bodily state underlies awareness of one's emotional state. Uniquely activated areas involved in the evaluation of emotional state included the temporal pole, posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Also the precuneus was functionally associated with activity of the right anterior insular cortex and VMPFC when evaluating emotional state. Our findings indicate that activation in these areas and the precuneus are functionally associated for accessing interoceptive information and underpinning subjective experience of the emotional state. Thus, awareness of one's own emotional state appears to involve the integration of interoceptive information with an interpretation of the current situation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21458

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  • Brain response to affective pictures in the chimpanzee Reviewed

    Satoshi Hirata, Goh Matsuda, Ari Ueno, Hirokata Fukushima, Koki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Masaki Tomonaga, Kazuo Hiraki, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   3   1342   2013.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    Advancement of non-invasive brain imaging techniques has allowed us to examine details of neural activities involved in affective processing in humans; however, no comparative data are available for chimpanzees, the closest living relatives of humans. In the present study, we measured event-related brain potentials in a fully awake adult chimpanzee as she looked at affective and neutral pictures. The results revealed a differential brain potential appearing 210 ms after presentation of an affective picture, a pattern similar to that in humans. This suggests that at least a part of the affective process is similar between humans and chimpanzees. The results have implications for the evolutionary foundations of emotional phenomena, such as emotional contagion and empathy.

    DOI: 10.1038/srep01342

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  • Event-related potentials in response to subjects' own names: A comparison between humans and a chimpanzee. Reviewed International journal

    Hirata S, Matsuda G, Ueno A, Fuwa K, Sugama K, Kusunoki K, Fukushima H, Hiraki K, Tomonaga M, Hasegawa T

    Communicative & integrative biology   4 ( 3 )   321 - 323   2011.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:3  

    The sound of one's own name is one of the most salient auditory environmental stimuli. Several studies of human brain potentials have revealed some characteristic waveforms when we hear our own names. In a recent work, we investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) in a female chimpanzee and demonstrated that the ERP pattern generated when she heard her own name differed from that generated when she heard other sounds. However, her ERPs did not exhibit a prominent positive shift around 300 ms (P3) in response to her own name, as has been repeatedly shown in studies of human ERPs. The present study collected comparative data for adult humans using basically the same procedure as that used in our previous study of the chimpanzee. These results also revealed no prominent P3 to the human subjects' own names. The lack of increased P3 is therefore likely due to our experimental protocol, in which we presented the subject's own name relatively frequently. In contrast, our results revealed prominent negativity to the subject's own name at around 500 ms in the chimpanzee and around 200 ms in human subjects. This may indicate that initial orientation to the sound of one's own name is delayed in the chimpanzee.

    DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.3.14841

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  • Association between interoception and empathy: Evidence from heartbeat-evoked brain potential Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY   79 ( 2 )   259 - 265   2011.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Physiological bodily states play an important role in affective experiences. This study investigated whether the neural processing of internal body state (interoception) is associated with empathy, the understanding of the affective states of others. We used the 'heartbeat-evoked potential' (HEP), a surface electroencephalography (EEG) pattern, as a neural index of interoceptive processing. The HEP is contingent on the most prominent peak (R-wave) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and is thought to reflect cortical processing of cardiac afferent input. Twenty-one healthy adults performed empathy and control tasks while EEG and ECG were recorded, where they made judgments based on either the affective or physical aspects of images of human eyes. HEP. ECG and heart rate in each task block were calculated and compared. Results showed that cardiac activity was not significantly different between tasks. In contrast, HEP showed a significant task difference, exhibited as an increased negativity during the empathy task over frontocentral sites at a latency of approximately 250-430 ms. Furthermore, a self-reported measure of empathy was associated with mean HEP amplitude during the period of task-related differentiation. These results suggest that afferent feedback from visceral activity may contribute to inferences about the affective state of others. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.10.015

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  • Neural Correlates of Face and Object Perception in an Awake Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Examined by Scalp-Surface Event-Related Potentials Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Satoshi Hirata, Ari Ueno, Goh Matsuda, Kohki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Masahiro Hirai, Kazuo Hiraki, Masaki Tomonaga, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    PLOS ONE   5 ( 10 )   e13366   2010.10

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    Background: The neural system of our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, is a topic of increasing research interest. However, electrophysiological examinations of neural activity during visual processing in awake chimpanzees are currently lacking.
    Methodology/Principal Findings: In the present report, skin-surface event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured while a fully awake chimpanzee observed photographs of faces and objects in two experiments. In Experiment 1, human faces and stimuli composed of scrambled face images were displayed. In Experiment 2, three types of pictures (faces, flowers, and cars) were presented. The waveforms evoked by face stimuli were distinguished from other stimulus types, as reflected by an enhanced early positivity appearing before 200 ms post stimulus, and an enhanced late negativity after 200 ms, around posterior and occipito-temporal sites. Face-sensitive activity was clearly observed in both experiments. However, in contrast to the robustly observed face-evoked N170 component in humans, we found that faces did not elicit a peak in the latency range of 150-200 ms in either experiment.
    Conclusions/Significance: Although this pilot study examined a single subject and requires further examination, the observed scalp voltage patterns suggest that selective processing of faces in the chimpanzee brain can be detected by recording surface ERPs. In addition, this non-invasive method for examining an awake chimpanzee can be used to extend our knowledge of the characteristics of visual cognition in other primate species.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013366

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  • Brain activity in an awake chimpanzee in response to the sound of her own name Reviewed

    Ari Ueno, Satoshi Hirata, Kohki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Goh Matsuda, Hirokata Fukushima, Kazuo Hiraki, Masaki Tomonaga, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    BIOLOGY LETTERS   6 ( 3 )   311 - 313   2010.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ROYAL SOC  

    The brain activity of a fully awake chimpanzee being presented with her name was investigated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured for each of the following auditory stimuli: the vocal sound of the subject's own name (SON), the vocal sound of a familiar name of another group member, the vocal sound of an unfamiliar name and a non-vocal sound. Some differences in ERP waveforms were detected between kinds of stimuli at latencies at which P3 and Nc components are typically observed in humans. Following stimulus onset, an Nc-like negative shift at approximately 500 ms latency was observed, particularly in response to SON. Such specific ERP patterns suggest that the chimpanzee processes her name differently from other sounds.

    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0864

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  • Whose loss is it? Human electrophysiological correlates of non-self reward processing Reviewed

    Hirokata Fukushima, Kazuo Hiraki

    SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE   4 ( 3 )   261 - 275   2009

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

    To recognize whether another person's action results in a good or bad outcome is imperative for social learning, as well as for understanding the behavior of others in a broad context. Recent studies have reported that a scalp-surface event-related potential (ERP) called medial-frontal negativity (MFN), considered to be an index of negative reward processing, is generated when perceiving not only one's own losses, but also those of others. This suggests that the same neural mechanisms operate in monitoring one's own actions and in perceiving the consequences of the actions of others. To further elucidate the properties of this observational MFN, this study examined whether its amplitude differs with different observational targets. In a gambling task, participants observed the performances of non-self agents: a human friend and PC programs. The outcomes of the decisions of these agents were not associated with the participants' own benefits. ERP results showed that the MFN-like pattern was significantly elicited only when observing the outcomes of decisions made by human agents. Furthermore, self-reported measures of empathy were positively associated with the magnitude of the observational MFN. These findings suggest that the neural activity in non-self reward processing reflects a socioemotional state generated by the target of observation, as well as an empathetic trait of the individual.

    DOI: 10.1080/17470910802625009

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  • Auditory ERPs to Stimulus Deviance in an Awake Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Towards Hominid Cognitive Neurosciences

    Ari Ueno, Satoshi Hirata, Kohki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Goh Matsuda, Hirokata Fukushima, Kazuo Hiraki, Masaki Tomonaga, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    PLOS ONE   3 ( 1 )   e1442   2008.1

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    Background. For decades, the chimpanzee, phylogenetically closest to humans, has been analyzed intensively in comparative cognitive studies. Other than the accumulation of behavioral data, the neural basis for cognitive processing in the chimpanzee remains to be clarified. To increase our knowledge on the evolutionary and neural basis of human cognition, comparative neurophysiological studies exploring endogenous neural activities in the awake state are needed. However, to date, such studies have rarely been reported in non-human hominid species, due to the practical difficulties in conducting non-invasive measurements on awake individuals. Methodology/Principal Findings. We measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) of a fully awake chimpanzee, with reference to a well-documented component of human studies, namely mismatch negativity (MMN). In response to infrequent, deviant tones that were delivered in a uniform sound stream, a comparable ERP component could be detected as negative deflections in early latencies. Conclusions/Significance. The present study reports the MMN-like component in a chimpanzee for the first time. In human studies, various ERP components, including MMN, are well-documented indicators of cognitive and neural processing. The results of the present study validate the use of noninvasive ERP measurements for studies on cognitive and neural processing in chimpanzees, and open the way for future studies comparing endogenous neural activities between humans and chimpanzees. This signifies an essential step in hominid cognitive neurosciences.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001442

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  • Salivary alpha-amylase levels and hyperbolic discounting in male humans Reviewed

    Taiki Takahashi, Koki Ikeda, Hirokata Fukushima, Toshikazu Hasegawa

    NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS   28 ( 1 )   17 - 20   2007.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS  

    OBJECTIVE: Little is known regarding the role of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system in self-control and impulsivity in intertemporal choice (delay discounting), although the roles of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been extensively examined. This study was aimed to examine the relationships between salivary alpha-amylase (sAA, a non-invasive biological marker of adrenergic/SAM activities) levels and hyperbolic discounting, which is of interest in psychoneuroendocrinology and neuroeconomics. METHODS: We assessed degrees to which delayed monetary gains were discounted (hyperbolic discount rates) in healthy male students. Participants' sAA were also assessed. RESULTS: We observed negative relationships between sAA and hyperbolic discounting of small, medium, and large monetary gains. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that subjects with low sAA are impulsive in intertemporal choice. Implications for the roles of adrenergic and SAM systems in self-control in intertemporal choice are discussed.

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  • Perceiving an opponent's loss: gender-related differences in the medial-frontal negativity. Reviewed

    Fukushima H, Hiraki K

    Social cognitive and affective neuroscience   1 ( 2 )   149 - 157   2006.9

  • Active processing of biological motion perception: an ERP study Reviewed

    M Hirai, A Senju, H Fukushima, K Hiraki

    COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH   23 ( 2-3 )   387 - 396   2005.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    The purpose of this study was to measure event-related potentials (ERPs) to clarify how attention affects neural activity during the visual perception of biological motion (BM). Thirteen healthy subjects observed BM or scrambled motion (SM). For SM, each point had the same velocity vector as in BM, but the initial starting positions were randomized. Each BM and SM was overlaid with ten noise dots and four rectangles. For the rectangles, one was or was not rotated 90 relative to the others. Subjects were required to undertake two kinds of visual tasks. For the attention-to-motion condition, subjects directed their attention to the type of motion. For the attention-to-rectangle condition, subjects directed their attention to the rotational angle of the overlaid rectangles. As in our earlier study, the ERP response to the perception of BM had two negative components at similar to 200 ms (N200) and similar to 330 ms (N330) in both attentional conditions. Our analysis focused on the amplitude of the second negative component, which was sensitive to BM. There was a significant interaction between attention and the type of motion regarding the amplitude of N330. Specifically, the amplitude of N330 in response to BM was greater in the attention-to-motion condition than in the attention-to-rectangle condition, and was greater than the amplitude of the response to SM in the attention-to-motion condition. These results suggest that in this experimental design, processing of BM is modulated by attention. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.11.005

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  • Neural dynamics in human imitation revealed by ERP surface topography Reviewed

    H Fukushima, M Hirai, A Arita, K Kamewari, K Hiraki

    NEUROREPORT   15 ( 13 )   2129 - 2132   2004.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

    To clarify the neural dynamics in human motor imitation, we examined event-related potentials (ERP) for a reaction time task that required responses to an actor's finger motions with identical motions. Compared with a control task (reaction to an LED illumination), the ERP surface topography in the imitative reaction was differentiated at around 120-200 ms post-cueing, showing an early sensitivity to the response hand over the pre-central region. This result suggested that activities around the motor areas were facilitated in the imitative reaction, which is consistent with recent neuroimaging studies. However, taken together with that there were no differences in reaction times, the early ERP latency of conditional divergence indicated that neural activities related to imitation are visual responses and do not directly lead to motor acceleration.

    DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200409150-00026

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  • Biological Motion知覚はBottom-upな過程か? : ERPによる検討(日本基礎心理学会第22回大会,大会発表要旨)

    平井 真洋, 千住 淳, 福島 宏器, 開 一夫

    基礎心理学研究   22 ( 2 )   239 - 239   2004

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:日本基礎心理学会  

    DOI: 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004414497

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  • An event-related potentials study of biological motion perception in humans Reviewed

    M Hirai, H Fikushima, K Hiraki

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   344 ( 1 )   41 - 44   2003.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD  

    In order to clarify the neural dynamics involved in the perception of biological motion, we recorded event-related potentials from 12 subjects. The subjects were shown biological motion or scrambled motion as a control stimulus. In the scrambled motion, each point had the same velocity vector as in the biological motion, but the initial starting positions were randomized. The perception of both biological and scrambled motion elicited negative peaks at around 200 (N200) and 240 ms (N240). Furthermore, both negative peaks were significantly larger in the biological motion condition than in the scrambled motion condition over the right occipitotemporal region. In light of previous human neuroimaging studies, we speculate that component N200 is generated near the extrastriate cortex area and N240 is generated from the superior temporal sulcus region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00413-0

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  • 運動知覚における到達時間予測 : 事象関連電位法を用いた神経機構の検討(発表要旨,日本基礎心理学会第21回大会)

    福島 宏器, 開 一夫

    基礎心理学研究   21 ( 2 )   182 - 183   2003

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:日本基礎心理学会  

    DOI: 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004414292

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Books

  • 暴力的ゲームにおける生理心理学的影響 (堀忠雄・尾崎久記(監),室橋春光・苧阪満里子(編) 生理心理学と精神生理学 第Ⅲ巻)

    栗田聡子, 福島宏器, 堀 忠雄, 尾崎 久記, 室橋 春光, 苧阪 満里子( Role: Joint author第16章,pp. 183-193)

    北大路書房  2018.5  ( ISBN:4762830194

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    Total pages:380  

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  • 神経科学と生理心理学:心の生物学的基礎 (藤田哲也(監) 串崎真志(編) 絶対役立つ臨床心理学 第12章)

    福島宏器, 藤田哲也, 串崎真志( Role: Contributor第12章)

    ミネルヴァ書房  2016.9  ( ISBN:4623077950

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    Total pages:264  

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  • ミラーとメンタライジング:社会脳の見取り図 (子安増生・大平英樹(編) ミラーニューロンと<心の理論> 第5章)

    福島宏器, 子安 増生, 大平 英樹( Role: Contributor第5章,pp. 153-193)

    新曜社  2011.7  ( ISBN:4788512440

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    Total pages:231  

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  • 他人の損失は自分の損失?-共感の神経的基盤をさぐる (開一夫・長谷川寿一(編) ソーシャルブレインズ 第9章)

    福島宏器, 開 一夫, 長谷川 寿一( Role: Contributor第9章,pp. 191-215)

    東京大学出版会  2009.1  ( ISBN:4130133039

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    Total pages:296   Responsible for pages:191-215  

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MISC

  • On the application of predictive coding principle to well-being research:A primer and literature review

    Fukushima Hirokata

    Cognitive Studies: Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society   30 ( 2 )   168 - 172   2023.6

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japanese Cognitive Science Society  

    File: 30_2022.091.pdf

    DOI: 10.11225/cs.2022.091

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  • 自己・他者認知の統合的メカニズム 脳・発達・ロボティクスからの挑戦

    宮崎 美智子, 福島 宏器, 石田 裕昭, 尾形 哲也, 村田 哲, 開 一夫, 明和 政子

    日本心理学会大会発表論文集   72 ( 0 )   WS069 - WS069   2008.7

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

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Research Projects

  • 「幸福感」の向上を目指したポジティブ感情の機能の解明と一次予防アプローチ法の確立

    Grant number:19H01766  2019.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    大竹 恵子, 片山 順一, 真田 原行, 小林 正法, 津田 彰, 福島 宏器

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    Grant amount:\17420000 ( Direct Cost: \13400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4020000 )

    本研究は、ポジティブ感情の機能に着目して、実験や調査による基礎研究から得られる基礎的知見を健康に対する予防行動や主観的幸福感が持続できるための仕組みの理解と心身の健康増進の実現に応用し、一次予防におけるアプローチ法の確立を目指している。2020年度は、新型コロナウイルスに関する影響を受け、当初計画していた進行状況が一部遅れた面があったため、2021年度に一部研究費を繰越し対応したが、これまでの研究知見を展開させ、ポジティブ感情の喚起手法に関する実験やポジティブ感情が持つ認知機能に焦点をあてた研究を実施した。具体的には、対人関係や対人認知に関わる研究として、感謝という感情をとりあげ、親切行動や援助行動に代表される向社会的行動に関する想像を行うという手続きを用いてポジティブ感情が持つ機能について検討したり、ノスタルジア(懐かしさ感情)を喚起した対人認知および社会とのつながり意識に関する実験も行った。さらに、昨年度にメンバー間でも研究議論を行った研究知見に関する論文化も進め、懐かしさ感情の喚起手法に関する業績や感謝と向社会的行動に関する国内外の論文業績も成果として公表することができた。今後はさらに研究を進め、共同研究として多面的なアプローチを展開していきたいと考えている。

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  • Examining the impact of cardiac and respiratory phases on social perception

    Grant number:15K21520  2015.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    Fukushima Hirokata

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    Grant amount:\3900000 ( Direct Cost: \3000000 、 Indirect Cost:\900000 )

    This project examined whether and how cardiac and respiratory phase influence emotional perception. Our study suggested that emotional valence (i.e. positive-negative) on subtle facial expression is perceived more clearly when the faces are presented at the timing of cardiac systole (i.e. heart shrinking) compared to the diastole period. It is also suggested that positive valence is more clearly perceived at the middle of inspiration (i.e. breathing in) rather than the expiration phase.
    Another study examined the association between breathing and the brain activity by analyzing how the electroencephalography (EEG) changes with the respiratory cycle. The magnitude of respiratory-related fluctuation in the high-frequency (γ) EEG band was found to be negatively associated with several measures related to the mind-body interaction (e.g. the degree of physiological regulation and respiratory perception).
    These findings open new approaches to further clarify the mind-body relationship.

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  • Psychophysiological research for investigating influences of chronic exposure to violent games and motivational activation on affective information processing.

    Grant number:26380996  2014.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    KURITA Satoko, MUROHASHI Harumitsu, FUKUSHIMA Hirokata, LANG Annie

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    Grant amount:\4550000 ( Direct Cost: \3500000 、 Indirect Cost:\1050000 )

    The possibility of negative psychological and behavioral effects on adolescents by chronic exposure to violent games (VG) is a growing social concern in many countries including Japan. Leading researchers of VG study explain that habitual VG playing can cause decreased emotional/cognitive responses (desensitization) to violent events even in reality. However, the mechanism of desensitization has not been clearly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance our understanding of the "desensitization" effect by measuring multiple physiological data collected from the central and peripheral nervous system and individuals' trait level of motivational activation. The results revealed that there were significant effects of playing VG beyond the trait level of motivational activation; the major effects found in our study were “sensitization” on the attentional process. Potential influences of chronic exposure to VG are discussed.

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  • Body awareness and social cognitive development from the fetal period

    Grant number:24119005  2012.6 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

    Myowa Masako, ITAKURA Shoji, HIRAKI Kazuo, INUI Toshio, UKITA Norimichi, HIRAI Masahiro, NAKANO Tamami, MIYAZAKI Michiko, KAWASAKI Masahiro

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    Grant amount:\155870000 ( Direct Cost: \119900000 、 Indirect Cost:\35970000 )

    Although humans are born in a relatively premature state, human newborns do possess an elaborate capacity to process information about both the external world and their own bodies. Our research team (B02) has extended our knowledge about infancy by showing that there is a clear continuity in human sensorimotor development from prenatal to postnatal life. For example, we investigated cerebral responses in full-term neonates and preterm infants at a term-equivalent age, and found that preterm infants follow different developmental trajectories from those born at full term.
    We took charge of leading a constructive developmental science research project. This five-year interdisciplinary research project integrates robotics, medicine, psychology, neuroscience, and Tohjisha-kenkyu (person-centered, peer-supported research). Our aim was to foster a new understanding of human development and its disorders, comprehensive diagnostic methodologies, and truly appropriate assistive technologies.

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  • The evolutionary foundations and function of empathy in relation to the expression of positive emotions in human nursing behaviors

    Grant number:24300103  2012.4 - 2015.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    MYOWA-YAMAKOSHI Masako, FUKUSHIMA Hirokata, SAITO Atsuko, HIRATA Satoshi, ADACHI Ikuma

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    Grant amount:\18330000 ( Direct Cost: \14100000 、 Indirect Cost:\4230000 )

    Empathy to positive emotions is unique to humans. What is the adaptive function of this ability? Humans, compared to great apes, show (i) increased infant rearing costs in terms of time and resources, and (ii) increased social smiling in childhood. This increased smiling-in conjunction with rearing adult’s empathy towards such positive emotions-may be driving the increased communal rearing (allomothering), which in turn is crucial for the successful rearing of costly human infants. We investigated the positive empathetic responses of humans and chimpanzees towards infant emotional expressions. For humans, the caregivers increased interactions with infants was positively correlated with the physiological measures for empathy. This suggests that empathy to positive emotions is linked with increased exposure to infants’ smiling. Data remain to be analyzed for chimpanzees. This preliminary evidence supports our theory that empathy to positive emotions is associated with allomothering.

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  • Psychophysiological mechanisms under the "facial feedback" modulation of emotion and cognition

    Grant number:23830107  2011 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

    FUKUSHIMA Hirokata

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    Grant amount:\3380000 ( Direct Cost: \2600000 、 Indirect Cost:\780000 )

    The present study investigated the psychophysiological mechanisms under facial feedback phenomenon, which refers that facial musculature alters emotional experiences. We measured neural activities (via event-related potential; ERP) and cardiac activities of participants who performed a kind of gambling task. In one experiment, participants unintentionally manipulated their facial muscles during the task. In the other experiment, participants intentionally regulate the magnitude of their emotional experience on the task. ERP results as well as behavioral data suggest that facial manipulation affect earlier and automatic process.

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  • 他者への共感を制御する認知神経生理メカニズムの研究

    Grant number:08J06052  2008 - 2010

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    福島 宏器

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    Grant amount:\2100000 ( Direct Cost: \2100000 )

    本研究の目的は、他者にたいする共感(感情の共有・理解)が強化または抑制されるメカニズムを明らかにし、さらに共感の強さにおける個人差の原因を解明することである。
    3年目となる今年度は,米国カリフォルニア州における社会性の研究プロジェクトに参加し,(1)他者の感情理解の正確さの個人差の検討,および(2)感情の理解にともなう生理活動の連動が他者理解において果たす役割の検討,の二点に関わる研究に従事した.
    具体的には,30名の実験参加者が,注意や感情を制御する練習を3ヶ月間集中的に行うことによって,心身にどのような効果が現れるかを研究した.実験では,感情を推定される側と推定する側の両者の推定の一致度から「共感の正確さ」を数値化し,同時に,両者の生理指標(心拍・血圧(指先脈派)・発汗・呼吸)の連動を解析することにより,共感の正確さと,共感課題時の生理活動の連動が評価された.
    その結果,注意と感情制御のトレーニングによって,実験参加者の共感性尺度(Davis,1983)は有意に上昇していた.他者の感情理解の正確さについては,一部の課題にのみトレーニングの効果が見られたが,感情制御の訓練による社会不安(とくに愛着不安)の低減が,他者のポジティブ感情の正確な理解に関連することが示唆されている,また,課題中の生理指標から,他者の感情の推測と,その課題中の自分自身の生理的反応(とくに血圧系や皮膚電位系)の連動が変容することも示唆されている.
    申請者は昨年度までに,自分の身体生理活動の調整に関わる神経機構が,他者理解,そして日常場面での共感性と関わっていることを示唆してきた(例えば,Fukushima et al.2011).3年目の研究はなお進行中であるが,申請者のこれまでの成果と合わせて,他者に対する共感の強さや正確さを左右する大きな要因の一つとして,身体の生理的活動と,これに対する認知・神経活動が関わっていることをさらに示唆した.

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  • 自己と他者を識別する脳内機構:事象関連電位法による社会神経科学的検討

    Grant number:05J52332  2005 - 2006

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    福島 宏器

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    Grant amount:\1800000 ( Direct Cost: \1800000 )

    本研究の目的は、自己および他者に関わる神経表象の関係を、脳波上の事象関連電位計測によって検討し、人間の社会認知や共感的能力を支える脳神経メカニズムを探ることである。初年度には、自己および他者の神経表象の指標となる脳波パターン(Medial-Frontal Negativity ; MFNとよばれる事象関連電位)の確定を行った。これを受けて、二年目となる本年度では、MFN指標の生理学的な特性をさらに詳細に検討した。具体的には、「ギャンブル課題」と呼ばれる、金銭の損得を体験する課題を利用して、自己、および他者の金銭的損得を知覚した際のMFN電位の特性を調べ、以下のような知見を得た。
    (1)対象に対する社会的・心理的帰属の反映:コンピュータプログラムの課題遂行にくらべ、人間、とくに親しい知人の課題遂行の結果を知覚した場合のMFN振幅のほうが大きく、その振幅は対象に対する意図や心的表象の帰属の強度に相関していることが示唆された。
    (2)生理学的な機序の検討:MFNが生じる脳波セグメントを各周波数成分に分解し、シータ波およびガンマ波の相動的な発生と対応している知見を得た。このことは、MFNが前頭葉内側面と大脳辺縁系のネットワークの活動を反映しているとする仮説をサポートするものとなる。
    (3)MFNの特性の一般性の検討:ギャンブル課題に加えて運動上のエラー誘発課題を用い、両課題に通じる個人差傾向を見出し、他者観測時のMFNが課題の特異性を超えた一般性を示唆した。
    こうした知見から、MFNパターンを指標にして、前頭葉内側部の神経活動が社会的・情動的な影響を受けて外界の事象の価値判断を担っていることを示唆し、またこの神経活動を指標にして、自己と他者の社会的関係の認知を検討する手法的な素地を固めることとなった。これらの成果は2006年度の計三つの国内学会発表、および一つの国際雑誌論文として発表された。

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  • Neural correlates of Empathy, Emotion regulation, Self recognition, Sense of agency.

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  • 社会認知神経科学 1.共感、他者理解、自己認識に関わる認知神経機構の解明 2.感情と身体感覚の関連の研究

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  • Neural correlates of human empathy, emotion regulation, self recognition, sense of agency.

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  • Neural correlates of human empathy, emotional experience, emotion regulation, and self recognition.

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Devising educational methods

  • 講義では、2、3回に1回の割合で、簡単な理解度のチェックのためのミニテストを実施すると共に、講義に対する感想と質問を受講生に書いてもらっている。これによって資料の用意の仕方や提示の仕方を改善し、さらに受講生の感想や質問をフィードバックすることによって、双方向型の授業を作り上げ、理解の促進や授業の改善に役立てている。講義で使用するスライドは、部分的には講義の中で学生自身が書き込めるように作成し、全てをインフォメーションシステムにアップロードし、学生の好評を得ている。 ゼミにおいては、20名の大人数であるので、これを3~5名の小グループに分けて、実践的な実験実習を行わせ、学生が興味をもつ題材・機会に常に接することが出来るようにしている。

Teaching materials

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Teaching method presentations

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Special notes on other educational activities

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