DOI： 10.1101/2024.04.13.24305766

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: Hyperkalaemia (HK) is a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or chronic heart failure (CHF). HK must be managed, both to protect patients from its direct clinical adverse outcomes and to enable treatment with disease-modifying therapies including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. However, the experiences of patients undergoing treatment of HK are not clearly understood. Optimising treatment decisions and improving long-term patient management requires a better understanding of patients' quality of life (QOL). Thus, the aims of this research are: (1) to describe treatment patterns and the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL, (2) to study the relationships between treatment patterns and the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL and (3) to study the relationships between the control of serum potassium (S-K) and the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL, in patients with HK. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective cohort study with 6 months of follow-up in 30-40 outpatient nephrology and cardiology clinics in Japan. The participants will be 350 patients with CKD or CHF who received their first potassium binders (PB) prescription to treat HK within the previous 6 months. Medical records will be used to obtain information on S-K, on treatment of HK with PBs and with diet, and on the patients' characteristics. To assess the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL, questionnaires will be used to obtain generic health-related QOL, CKD-specific and CHF-specific QOL, and PB-specific QOL. Multivariable regression models will be used to quantify how treatment patterns and S-K control are related to the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Institutional review boards at all participating facilities review the study protocol. Patient consent will be obtained. The results will be published in international journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05297409.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074090

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Introduction Establishing a scale that can easily be used to appropriately measure the impact of constipation on the quality of life in Japan is a first step toward addressing this important health issue. We developed a Japanese language version of the Constipation-Related Quality of Life scale, which has 18 items and four subscales, and then subjected it to validation testing. Methods After translation according to a standardized and commonly used procedure, the Japanese version of the Constipation-Related Quality of Life scale was administered to people in an internet-based panel, in March 2023. The participants included 1,276 adults who had constipation (median age: 60 years, 690 {54.1%} males). The outcome measures included the Constipation-Related Quality of Life scale, the Constipation Scoring System (an index of constipation severity), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) eight-item short form (a measure of generic health-related quality of life). Results Confirmatory factor analysis (four-factor model) indicated that all 18 Constipation-Related Quality of Life items had sufficiently high factor loadings (0.686-0.926). Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86-0.94). Scores on the social impairment subscale and on the distress subscale of the Constipation-Related Quality of Life scale were significantly worse in the participants who had worse scores on the social functioning and mental health domains, respectively, of the MOS eight-item short form, which indicates good concurrent validity. Regarding criterion-based validity, the four subscale scores differed significantly among the four constipation-severity groups. The four subscale scores were also 1.16-4.53 times more sensitive than the MOS eight-item short form's mental component score to differences among the four constipation-severity groups (relative validity: 1.16-4.53), which indicates good discriminant validity. Conclusion The Japanese version of the Constipation-Related Quality of Life scale can be used with confidence in its factor structure, its concurrent, criterion-based, and discriminant validity, and its internal consistency reliability.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.48661

PubMed

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DOI： 10.32286/00028003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: The burden of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCWs) is reported to be increasing, yet the psychometric scales now in use evaluate only single aspects; few measure the pandemic-specific burden on HCWs comprehensively. OBJECTIVE: To develop a scale to quantify the physical, mental, and socioeconomic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCWs. DESIGN: Scale development and cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Consenting HCWs aged ≥20. MAIN MEASURES: Development of an item-list based on literature reviews and HCW panel input, evaluation of content validity and item selection using the Delphi method, psychometric testing conducted on HCWs, validity assessment by factor analyses and hypothesis verification, internal consistency evaluation by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest analysis, and interpretability assessment. KEY RESULTS: Through the Delphi process, a 29-item pilot scale was generated. In psychometric testing, data from 863 HCWs contributed to the development of the final version of this scale, called Pandemic Burden Index twenty for HCWs (PBI-20), a 20-item scale to measure six domains: fatigue, fear of infection, inadequacy as a medical professional, mental health concerns, prejudice or discrimination, and anxiety about one's livelihood and daily life. Factor analysis showed each factor corresponded to the six domains of this scale. Hypothesis verification showed the PBI-20 total score to be moderately to highly correlated with the Short Form 36 vitality score and mental health score and with intention of turnover. The PBI-20 had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.92). Test-retest analysis showed the intraclass correlation coefficient to be 0.70 and the minimal important change to be -7.0. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometrically sound questionnaire we developed to measure pandemic-specific burdens for HCWs provides an understanding of comprehensive burdens on HCWs and may serve to evaluate interventions to reduce the burdens.

DOI： 10.1007/s11606-023-08028-3

PubMed

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Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

Rationale & Objective In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the durability of patient adherence to fluid and dietary restrictions may depend on the degree to which they have hope that they will enjoy life. However, few studies have examined the long-term role of health-related hope (HR-Hope) on distress from fluid and dietary restrictions. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants A total of 444 non-dialysis stage 3-5 patients and stage 5D patients attending one of five Japanese nephrology centers. Exposure An 18-item HR-Hope scale with a score ranging from 0 to 100. Outcomes Two-item measures of restrictions on fluid and dietary intake from the Japanese version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, Version 1.3, with each score ranging from 0 to 100. Analytical Approach Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of baseline HR-Hope with distress from fluid and dietary restrictions at baseline and follow-up. Results The mean age of participants was 67 years, 31.1% were female, and 124, 98, and 222 had non-dialysis CKD, peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis, respectively. Baseline HR-Hope buffered the growing distress from fluid restriction after one year (-18.01 pts [95% CI, -28.24 to -7.79]) per 10-pt increase, 2.59 pts [95% CI, 1.05 to 4.13]. The distress from fluid restriction at 2 years did not differ from baseline. Baseline HR-Hope buffered the growing distress from dietary restriction after one year (-12.4 pts [95% CI, -22.68 to -2.12]) per 10-pt increase, 1.96 pts (95% CI, 0.34 to 3.57). The distress from dietary restriction at 2 years did not differ from baseline. Limitations Use of self-reported measures as proxies for adherence. Conclusions Our study shows that HR-Hope, regardless of depression, can potentially mitigate the long-term distress from fluid and dietary restrictions in patients with a wide range of CKD severities.

DOI： 10.1101/2023.01.14.23284563

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本腎臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：厚生労働統計協会  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2022089442

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the experience of patients with cancer from diagnosis to early survivorship in Japan using a nationwide questionnaire survey, and to inform the current progress of the cancer control programs. METHODS: The survey was sent to a representative sample of adult patients with cancer identified from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries. The patients' responses were compared across three groups: patients with rare cancers, patients aged < 40 years, and patients with non-rare cancers aged ≥40 years. RESULTS: Of 20,488 patients invited to participate in the survey, 8935 (43.6%) responded. Respondents reported an average score of 7.9 out of 10 on global ratings of care. Patients with rare cancers experienced a longer time to diagnosis but the shortest time from diagnosis to first treatment (p < 0.05). Patients aged < 40 years rated worse for the majority of the survey items, especially on items that related to communication with medical staff and items referring to early survivorship. CONCLUSION: The care experienced by patients with cancer in Japan varies on the basis of age group and cancer type. Efforts should be directed to ensuring prompt access to diagnostic facilities for patients with rare cancers and providing sufficient support to younger patients.

DOI： 10.1186/s12913-021-07184-8

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: A family member's negative experiences with medical care have long-term effects on a patient's attitudes and emotions. However, the impact of family members' experiences on patients' trust in their own physicians and in physicians generally is poorly understood. This study aims to quantify these associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey involving adults with non-communicable diseases (cardiac disease, diabetes, cancer, depression, and rheumatic disease) was conducted in Japan during April 2020. The main exposure variable was dissatisfaction with the medical care that family members had received. The main outcomes were patients' (N = 661) own trust in their personal physicians and in physicians generally. The study adopted the Japanese version of the Abbreviated Wake Forest Physician Trust Scales. Both 5-item scales (general and individual physician trust) were translated and validated for the study. The total scores were transformed into a scale of 0-100 points. A series of linear mixed-effects models with consideration for clustering effect by prefectures were fit. RESULTS: The results showed a lower rating for trust in physicians generally as compared to trust in the respondent's personal physician (mean 57.0 vs. 66.4 points; p < 0.001). Furthermore, dissatisfaction with a family member's medical care was associated with lower trust in physicians generally (mean difference - 9.58, 95 %CI -12.4 to -6.76). Interestingly, dissatisfaction with a family member's care was also associated with lower trust in the respondent's personal physician (mean difference - 3.19, 95 %CI -6.02 to -0.36), but the magnitude of this association was weaker. The lower trust in personal physicians may be mediated by reduced trust in physicians generally. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that physicians enquire about past patients' negative experiences, including dissatisfaction with family members' medical care, to repair hidden loss of trust, when they sense that patients doubt them or physicians generally.

DOI： 10.1186/s12913-021-07172-y

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Previous qualitative research has described that previous misdiagnoses may reduce patient and their families' trust in healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the associations between patients or family members' misdiagnosis experiences and trust in their physician. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Adult Japanese people with non-communicable diseases (cancer, diabetes, depression, heart disease, and connective tissue disease), recruited using a web-based panel survey. MAIN MEASURES: Surveys assessed the patient and the patient's family's experience with misdiagnosis. Trust in the respondent's current physician was measured using the Japanese version of the 11-item Trust in Physician Scale. KEY RESULTS: Among 661 patients (response rate 30.1%), 23.2% had a personal history of misdiagnosis and 20.4% had a family history of misdiagnosis. In a multivariable-adjusted general linear model, patients or a family members' misdiagnosis experiences were associated with lower confidence in their current physician (mean difference -4.3, 95%CI -8.1 to -0.49 and -3.2, 95%CI -6.3 to -0.05, respectively). The impact of having a personal and a family member's experience of misdiagnosis on trust was additive, with no evidence of interaction (P for interaction = 0.494). CONCLUSIONS: The patient's or family members' misdiagnosis experiences reduced trust in the patient's current physicians. Interventions specifically targeting misdiagnosed patients are needed to restore trust.

DOI： 10.1007/s11606-021-06950-y

PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-020-1556-4

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-020-1556-4/fulltext.html

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1101/2021.04.21.21255773

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Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

Background
Previous qualitative research has described that past misdiagnosis experiences may reduce patients' own and their families' trust in healthcare.
Objective
To quantify the associations between patients' or family member' misdiagnosis experiences and the former's trust in their current physicians.
Design
A cross-sectional online survey.
Participants
Adult Japanese people with non-communicable diseases (cancer, diabetes, depression, heart disease, and connective tissue disease), recruited using a web-based panel survey.
Main Measures
The misdiagnosis experiences of patients and their family members were measured as exposures. The former's trust in their current physicians was measured using the Japanese version of the 11-item Trust in Physicians Scale modified by Thom, which was translated and validated by us for this study.
Key Results
A total of 661 patients with a mean age of 62.7 years were analyzed. Overall, 23.2% had a history of misdiagnosis and 20.4% had a family member who had been misdiagnosed. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.91. The factor analysis suggested unidimensionality with all 11 loadings being higher than 0.40. In a multivariable-adjusted general linear model, patients' and family members' misdiagnosis experiences were associated with lower confidence in their current physicians (mean difference -4.30, 95%CI -8.12 to -0.49 and -3.20, 95%CI -6.34 to -0.05, respectively). An additive effect was suggested for the associations of patients' and family's experience of misdiagnosis on trust (P for interaction = 0.494).
Conclusions
The individuals' and family members' misdiagnosis experiences were associated with reduced trust in their current physicians. Interventions specifically targeting misdiagnosed patients are needed to restore patients' confidence in their current physicians.

DOI： 10.1101/2021.01.25.21250300

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BACKGROUND: Understanding patient journey and burden of disease in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) helps improve diagnostic and treatment processes. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore patient journey from time of disease onset to a definitive diagnosis and disease burden in Japanese patients with CTEPH. METHODS: A mixed-methods study exploring patient journey and disease burden of 33 Japanese patients with a definitive diagnosis of CTEPH. The patients from 2 university hospitals underwent semistructured interviews. Data were transcribed into verbatim records, and 2 independent researchers conducted thematic analyses. Data concerning patient journey were also analyzed quantitatively with supplementary use of medical records. RESULTS: Median times from initial onset of symptoms to a confirmed diagnosis and first visitation to a medical institution to a definitive diagnosis of CTEPH were 32 and 20 months, respectively. Thematic analyses found that, for patients, reasons for delay in seeking initial consultations included misattribution of symptoms to aging or lack of physical strength. For healthcare providers, reasons for delays in diagnosis included poor recognition of CTEPH and difficulty in recalling the disease as a differential diagnosis. Burdens of CTEPH were caused by physical symptoms, and mental and social issues, including restriction of daily activities owing to oxygen therapy, disappointment with the intractable nature of the disease, poor understanding of the disease by other people, and lack of social networks. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted physical, mental, and social burdens in patients with CTEPH and possible missed opportunities in making the diagnosis of CTEPH during the patient journey. Increasing disease awareness in healthcare providers and networking among patients may contribute to better patient care.

DOI： 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.06.005

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We aimed to develop and validate a new simple decision support tool (U-TEST) for diagnosis of sarcopenia in orthopaedic patients. We created seventeen candidate original questions to detect sarcopenia in orthopaedic patients with sarcopenia through expert opinions and a semi-structured interview. To derive a decision support tool, a logistic regression model with backward elimination was applied to select variables from the seventeen questions, age and underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2). Sarcopenia was defined by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. After assigning a score to each selected variable, the sum of scores was calculated. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the new tool using a logistic regression model. A bootstrap technique was used for internal validation. Among a total of 1334 orthopaedic patients, sixty-five (4·9 %) patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia. We succeeded in developing a 'U-TEST' with scores ranging from 0 to 11 consisting of values for BMI (Underweight), age (Elderly) and two original questions ('I can't stand up from a chair without supporting myself with my arms' (Strength) and 'I feel that my arms and legs are thinner than they were in the past' (Thin)). The AUC was 0·77 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·83). With the optimal cut-off set at 3 or greater based on Youden's index, the sensitivity and the specificity were 76·1 and 63·6 %, respectively. In orthopaedic patients, our U-TEST scoring with two questions and two simple clinical variables can help to screen for sarcopenia.

DOI： 10.1017/S0007114521000106

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients' adherence to prescriptions for diet and for medications might depend on the degree to which they have hope that they will enjoy life, and that hope could vary with the stage of CKD. The aims of this study were to quantify both the association of CKD stage with health-related hope (HR-Hope), and the association of that hope with psychological and physiological manifestations of adherence. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 461 adult CKD patients, some of whom were receiving dialysis. The main exposure was HR-Hope, measured using a recently-developed 18-item scale. The outcomes were perceived burden of fluid restriction and of diet restriction, measured using the KDQOL, and physiological manifestations of adherence (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP], and serum phosphorus and potassium levels). General linear models and generalized ordered logit models were fit. RESULTS: Participants at non-dialysis stage 4 and those at stage 5 had lower HR-Hope scores than did those at stage 2 or 3 (combined). Those at non-dialysis stage 5 had the lowest scores. HR-Hope scores of participants at stage 5D were similar to those of participants at stage 4, but they were lower than the scores of participants at stage 2 or 3 (combined). Higher HR-Hope scores were associated with lower perceived burdens of fluid restriction and of diet restriction (adjusted ORs per ten-point difference were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively). Higher HR-Hope scores were associated with lower systolic BP (adjusted mean difference in systolic BP per ten-point difference in HR-Hope scores was - 1.87 mmHg). In contrast, HR-Hope scores were not associated with diastolic BP, serum phosphorus levels, or serum potassium levels. CONCLUSIONS: Among CKD patients, HR-Hope is associated with disease stage, with psychological burden, and with some physiological manifestations of adherence.

DOI： 10.1186/s12882-020-02120-0

PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.07.004

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

The Likert method presents certain problems, such as the distribution bias caused by phenomena related to social desirability, central tendency, etc. One conceivable solution to this is to correct the distribution by changing the expression of the option's anchor. In this study, we propose "adaptive options when using the Likert method" designed to change the option set according to the respondent's latent level. We compare two sets of options. In terms of the anchor expression, we used one expression involving a symmetric option (ver. A) and another that increases the number of options in the positive expression (ver. B). As a result, ver. B showed that the distribution of the scale score was corrected to a closed, normal distribution. Furthermore, we also obtained a reasonable result in terms of the psychological distance of options. These results suggest the possibility of manipulating the distribution of the scale score by manipulating the anchor expression, while the possibility of the practical use of "adaptive options" was also demonstrated.

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10112/00020016

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.62.0_324

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES: To validate the SARC-F questionnaire for sarcopenia screening in musculoskeletal disease setting, and to assess improvements in diagnostic accuracy by adding "EBM" (elderly and body mass index information) to the SARC-F. DESIGN: Diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The center involved in this study was located in an urban area of Kobe City, Japan. People with musculoskeletal disease in the knee, hip, or spine who were scheduled for surgical treatment were included. MEASUREMENTS: Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), which included bioimpedance, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Patients answered the SARC-F questionnaire and their body mass index was measured. SARC-F and "EBM" information were combined into an original score. The sensitivities, specificities, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were estimated and compared to identify sarcopenia. RESULTS: A total of 959 patients were included. Sarcopenia by AWGS criteria was identified in 36 (3.8%) patients. SARC-F had a sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 68.5%. SARC-F+EBM had a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 69.6%, with substantial improvement in sensitivity (P<0.001). The AUCs for SARC-F and SARC-F+EBM were 0.557 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.452-0.662) and 0.824 (95% CI 0.762-0.886), respectively (P<0.001). Similar results were obtained when EWGSOP2 criteria were used as the reference standard. CONCLUSION: The SARC-F alone is not adequate for finding cases in musculoskeletal disease settings. SARC-F+EBM significantly improved the sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy of the SARC-F for screening sarcopenia. SARC-F+EBM is potentially useful for screening sarcopenia in different ethnic and disease settings.

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-019-1222-x

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学大学院心理学研究科  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES: To validate the SARC-F questionnaire for sarcopenia screening in musculoskeletal disease setting, and to assess improvements in diagnostic accuracy by adding "EBM" (elderly and body mass index information) to the SARC-F. DESIGN: Diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The center involved in this study was located in an urban area of Kobe City, Japan. People with musculoskeletal disease in the knee, hip, or spine who were scheduled for surgical treatment were included. MEASUREMENTS: Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), which included bioimpedance, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Patients answered the SARC-F questionnaire and their body mass index was measured. SARC-F and "EBM" information were combined into an original score. The sensitivities, specificities, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were estimated and compared to identify sarcopenia. RESULTS: A total of 959 patients were included. Sarcopenia by AWGS criteria was identified in 36 (3.8%) patients. SARC-F had a sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 68.5%. SARC-F+EBM had a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 69.6%, with substantial improvement in sensitivity (P<0.001). The AUCs for SARC-F and SARC-F+EBM were 0.557 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.452-0.662) and 0.824 (95% CI 0.762-0.886), respectively (P<0.001). Similar results were obtained when EWGSOP2 criteria were used as the reference standard. CONCLUSION: The SARC-F alone is not adequate for finding cases in musculoskeletal disease settings. SARC-F+EBM significantly improved the sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy of the SARC-F for screening sarcopenia. SARC-F+EBM is potentially useful for screening sarcopenia in different ethnic and disease settings.

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-019-1222-x

PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2016 Hogrefe Publishing. To investigate the effect of response alternatives/scoring procedures on the measurement properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) which has the four response alternatives, a polytomous item response theory (IRT) model was applied to the responses of 2,061 workers and university students (1,640 males, 421 females). Test information functions derived from the polytomous IRT analyses on the CES-D data with various scoring procedures indicated that: (1) the CES-D with its standard (0-1-2-3) scoring procedure should be useful for screening to detect subjects with "at high-risk" of depression if the θ point showing the highest information corresponds to the cut-off point, because of its extremely higher information; (2) the CES-D with the 0-1-1-2 scoring procedure could cover wider range of depressive severity, suggesting that this scoring procedure might be useful in cases where more exhaustive discrimination in symptomatology is of interest; and (3) the revised version of CES-D with replacing original positive items into negatively revised items outperformed the original version. These findings have never been demonstrated by the classical test theory analyses, and thus the utility of this kind of psychometric testing should be warranted to further investigation for the standard measures of psychological assessment.

DOI： 10.1027/1015-5759/a000371

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society for Clinical Epidemiology  

DOI： 10.37737/ace.1.3_102

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.60.0_358

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本透析医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J02822&link_issn=&doc_id=20170413360002&doc_link_id=10.4009%2Fjsdt.50.180&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4009%2Fjsdt.50.180&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD  

Chronic pain is a manifestation of interactions among physical, psychological, and social conditions, but the latter two, that is, the nonphysical correlates of chronic pain, are only rarely measured. This study aimed to develop a profile scoring system for assessing the psychosocial situation of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. An expert panel chose social and psychological domains considered to be relevant to patients with chronic pain and wrote questions asking about each of those domains. The questionnaire was completed by 252 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Factor analysis was used to select questionnaire items for each domain. Associations and interactions of pain severity and each domain score with pain-related quality of life (PRQOL) were examined using linear regression models. Five domains were chosen: work, family, sleep, mental health, and PRQOL. Then, a total of 17 questions were created for the work, family, and sleep domains. Using the likelihood-ratio test, we found significant interactions with PRQOL in four pairs: severity-family, severity-mental, family-sleep, and work-mental. The association between pain severity and PRQOL was related to each patient's social and psychological situation. These results suggest that interventions for patients with chronic pain may be personalized to account for each individual's psychosocial situation.

DOI： 10.2147/JPR.S129957

Web of Science

PubMed

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5918

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本発達心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：関西大学大学院 心理学研究科  

To identify the sources of hope for patients with chronic disease, a semi - structured interview was conducted with patients middle-aged and older, whose disease types and levels of activities of daily living limitations varied. Six patience - three with chronic kidney disease, one with rheumatoid arthritis, one with spinal cord injury, and another with lumbar spinal canal stenosis - were interviewed by a psychologist and an internist. It was determined that their sources greatly differed depending on individual circumstances, such as types and severity of disease, sources of joy and happiness, family structure, employment status, relationship with friends, etc. However, it also showed a stylization of hope dependent on individual experience; in other words, there was a tendency for patients to redefine their source of hope by setting attainable goals to match their limitations, or acknowledging what they have achieved and finding hope in maintaining their current state. We have determined that the sources of hope are comprised of two categories: ［foundation and process of finding hope］ and ［specific goals and sources］. The former consists of: ［stylization dependent on experience］, ［method and will］, ［use of external information］, ［intrinsic foundation］, and ［extrinsic foundation］. The latter consists of: ［health］, ［source of joy and happiness］, ［family］, and ［social connections］.

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J06738&link_issn=&doc_id=20160427050002&doc_link_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10112%2F10472&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10112%2F10472&type=%8A%D6%90%BC%91%E5%8Aw%81F%8A%D6%90%BC%91%E5%8Aw%8Aw%8Fp%83%8A%83%7C%83W%83g%83%8A_KU%83%8A%83%7C%83W%83g%83%8A&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F80199_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究では、メタ分析によって日本人の自尊感情の性差を検討した。また、性差の程度に影響を与える調整変数として、年齢段階、調査年、翻訳種の効果を検討した。包括的なレビューを通して、Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scaleを用いて日本人の男女ごとの自尊感情を測定している研究を検索した。検索の結果、1982年から2013年に発表された50研究を収集した。収集された研究をもとに効果量を推定したところ、その値はg=.17(Hedgesのg)であり、女性よりもわずかに男性の方が高かった。また、調整変数については、年齢段階と調査年によって、自尊感情の性差の程度が異なっていた。本研究の知見は、日本人における自尊感情の性差について論じるための実証的な基盤となり得るものである。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

BACKGROUND: We developed the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients (BS-POP, physician and patient versions) and have previously shown that the BS-POP is reliable and has construct validity, criterion validity, and reproducibility. The present study aimed to proactively verify the responsiveness of the BS-POP with regard to chronic low back pain (LBP) patients. METHODS: The study subjects included 193 chronic LBP patients (81 males, 112 females; mean age 62 years) who had suffered from persistent LBP for ≥3 months. During the first test (before the treatment), the BS-POP, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the 36-item Short-form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36 v2), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) were conducted. The BS-POP, POMS, SF-36 v2, and RDQ for the third test were conducted (4-6 weeks after treatment) on all patients who had participated in the first test to determine the responsiveness of the BS-POP. The responsiveness of the BS-POP was investigated statistically. RESULTS: The total crude BS-POP scores were significantly lower for both physician and patient versions in the third test than in the first test. Moreover, the crude RDQ scores and SF-36 v2 items, physical functioning (PF), bodily pain (BP), MH, VT, and GH, and POMS items, tension-anxiety (T-A), D, F, and confusion (C) improved significantly, confirming responsiveness to treatment. DISCUSSION: The present findings indicate that the BS-POP possesses sufficient responsiveness from a computational psychology perspective. The BS-POP constitutes a tool enabling orthopaedists to easily identify psychiatric problems in orthopaedic patients.

DOI： 10.1007/s00776-015-0694-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Little is known about actual dietary patterns and their associations with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. We identified dietary patterns in hemodialysis patients in Japan and examined associations between dietary patterns and clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS: We used data from 3,080 general-population participants in the Hisayama study (year 2007), and data from 1,355 hemodialysis patients in the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (JDOPPS: years 2005-2007). Food intake was measured using a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ). To identify food groups with the Hisayama population data, we used principal components analysis with Promax rotation. We adjusted the resulting food groups for total daily energy intake, and then we used those adjusted food-group scores to identify dietary patterns in the JDOPPS patients by cluster analysis (Ward's method). We then used Cox regression to examine the association between dietary patterns and a composite of adverse clinical outcomes: hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease or death due to any cause. RESULTS: We identified three food groups: meat, fish, and vegetables. Using those groups we then identified three dietary patterns: well-balanced, unbalanced, and other. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found an association between an unbalanced diet and important clinical events (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% C.I. 1.19-3.04). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis patients whose diet was unbalanced were more likely to have adverse clinical outcomes. Thus hemodialysis patients might benefit not only from portion control, but also from a diet that is well-balanced diet with regard to the food groups identified here as meat, fish, and vegetables.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0116677

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.57.0_462

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.57.0_28

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology  

&nbsp;&nbsp;The present study reports a cross-temporal meta-analysis exploring age and survey-year differences in the average scores obtained on Rosenberg&rsquo;s (1965) Self-Esteem Scale in Japan.&nbsp;&nbsp;An examination of refereed journals published in Japan from 1980 to 2013 resulted in the selection of 256 studies involving 48,927 participants.&nbsp;&nbsp;Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of both age level and survey year on the average self-esteem scores.&nbsp;&nbsp;The self-esteem scores of junior high and high school students were lower than those of the other age groups, whereas the adults had higher self-esteem scores than did the other age groups.&nbsp;&nbsp;Survey year had a significant negative effect on the average self-esteem scores.&nbsp;&nbsp;The effects of survey year differed by age level.&nbsp;&nbsp;The average self-esteem scores of the junior high and high school students and the adults decreased linearly with survey year, whereas a curvilinear decrease with survey year was found in the college students&rsquo; scores.&nbsp;&nbsp;Several translations of Rosenberg&rsquo;s Self-Esteem Scale are available in Japan.&nbsp;&nbsp;The results of the present study indicated that the number of choices in the scale had an effect on the average self-esteem scores among the junior high, high school, and college students, and also the adults.

DOI： 10.5926/jjep.62.273

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本自閉症スペクトラム学会  

自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)の障害特性に対する知識度を測定するためのASD障害特性知識尺度(Literacy Scale of Characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder:LS-ASD)の開発を試みた。医療系学部(研究科)および教育学部(研究科)に所属する大学生および大学院生637名、児童・思春期精神科領域の医療福祉従事者155名、普通科高等学校の教諭42名、高等養護および養護学校高等部の教諭17名を対象に、作成したASD障害特性尺度の質問紙に回答してもらった。尺度作成にあたっては、項目反応理論(IRT)に基づいて開発がなされた。IRTでは尺度の一次元性が前提とされているため、因子分析(主因子法)を行い、相関行列の固有値の減衰状況について検討した。また、因子分析の結果、因子負荷量が.40以上を項目の採用基準とした。データ分析の結果、最終的に44項目からなる内容的・基準関連妥当性、信頼性が確認できた尺度を作成することができた。

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J05573&link_issn=&doc_id=20150127520002&doc_link_id=10.32220%2Fjapanacademyofas.12.1_19&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.32220%2Fjapanacademyofas.12.1_19&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Study Design. Cross-sectional study.
Objectives. To test the validity and responsiveness of the lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)-specific symptom scale (FLS-25 [Fukushima LSS Scale 25]).
Summary of Background Data. The FLS-25, a self-administered questionnaire designed to comprehensively cover various symptoms of LSS, has been developed to address the need to measure symptoms specific to this disorder.
Methods. One hundred sixty-seven patients with confirmed LSS who required conservative therapy were asked to complete a questionnaire including questions regarding walking capacity and the FLS-25. These patients also underwent a lumbar extension test and a walking stress test, which are stress tests designed to objectively evaluate LSS symptoms, to measure standing time, walking distance, and walking time. Relationship between the FLS-25 scores and these external standards was analyzed to evaluate the criterion validity of the FLS-25. The patients underwent the same evaluations after 8 weeks of conservative therapy. The relationship between changes from baseline to week 8 in FLS-25 scores and changes in the 3 external standards was analyzed to evaluate the responsiveness of the FLS-25.
Results. The distribution of FLS-25 scores among patients was symmetric, and there were no ceiling or floor effects. FLS-25 scores increased as self-reported walking capacity decreased (P = 0.006). The mean standing time in the lumbar extension test was 165 (SD = 109) seconds, and FLS-25 scores increased as standing time decreased (P = 0.003). In the walking stress test, mean walking distance and mean walking time were 213 (SD = 154) m and 236 (SD = 114) seconds. FLS-25 scores increased as walking distance (P = 0.002) and walking time (P = 0.054) decreased. Changes from baseline to week 8 in FLS-25 scores correlated with changes in the stress test standing time (P = 0.014), walking distance (P &lt; 0.001), and walking time (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion. The criterion validity and responsiveness of the FLS-25 were confirmed. The use of FLS-25 in clinical and investigational settings is warranted to monitor patients and evaluate therapeutic efficacy.

DOI： 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000583

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器外科学会  

目的:上部消化管術後のQOLを測定する尺度としてGastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(以下,GSRSと略記)がしばしば用いられている.今回,術後患者の評価尺度としてのGSRSの妥当性を検証した.対象と方法:2012年6月から12月の期間,胃・食道術後患者を対象に横断的調査を行い,GSRSの各下位尺度得点(酸逆流,腹痛,消化不良,下痢,便秘)を評価した.併存的妥当性としてSF-12,known-groups妥当性として,術式,栄養学的指標,および上部消化管内視鏡検査との関連を評価した.結果:対象は325例,年齢中央値66歳,施行術式は食道切除109,胃全摘89,胃切除124,胃部分切除5例であった(重複あり).GSRSの得点は全項目で分布が偏っており,強い床効果を認めた.SF-12のサマリースコアとGSRSの相関係数は,腹痛と精神的側面のQOLスコアにおいて0.314であったが,その他の組み合わせは0.3以下であり,相関関係が強いとはいえなかった.BMI 18未満の群では腹痛のスコアが有意に高値であったが,その他の指標(術式,血清アルブミン値,内視鏡所見)のいずれにおいても有意な関連は認めなかった.まとめ:GSRSは上部消化管術後患者に対するQOL尺度としては計量心理学的妥当性が低く,臨床研究のアウトカムとしては不適切である.(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J01117&link_issn=&doc_id=20140826330001&doc_link_id=10.5833%2Fjjgs.2013.0186&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5833%2Fjjgs.2013.0186&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: As Japan's population ages, more frail elderly people are cared for by members of their family. The dynamics within such families are difficult to study, in part because they are difficult to quantify. We developed a scale for assessing family dynamics related to long-term care. Here we report on the development of that scale, and we present the results of reliability testing and validation testing.
Methods: Two primary-care specialists drafted questions about family dynamics, and discussed them with other primary-care physicians and clinical researchers. The final questionnaire asked about four problems or undesirable situations: disengagement (emotional distance), scapegoating (inappropriate blame), transfer of problems across generations (transfer of unnecessary burden from older to younger generations, trans-generationally displaced revenge), and undesirable behavior (co-dependence). Next, at six general-medicine clinics, doctors evaluated families that had a caregiver and a patient requiring long-term care. The results were analyzed by factor analysis. Cronbach's a was computed, and criterion-related validation tests were done with three types of criteria: relationship before caregiving, ability to do activities of daily living (ADL), and the duration of care.
Results: Results were obtained from 199 families. Among the caregivers, 79% were women and their mean age was 63 years. Among the patients, 71% were women and their mean age was 84 years. The results of factor analysis indicated that the scale was unidimensional. Cronbach's a was 0.73. Not having a good relationship before caregiving was associated with significantly worse family dynamics scores, as was greater dependence regarding ADL.
Conclusions: We developed a scale that enables physicians to assess the dynamics of families with a patient and a family caregiver. The scale's scores are reliable and the results of validation testing were generally good. This scale holds promise as a tool both for research and for primary-care practice.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2296-15-134

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

BACKGROUND: Postgastrectomy or esophagectomy symptoms can be a significant burden for patients. However, no standard scale for evaluating these symptoms has been established. We recently developed a postoperative symptom-specific scale.
STUDY DESIGN: After a draft scale was prepared based on a pilot study, psychometric methods were used to assess its reliability and validity. This study involved specialized and multifaceted discussions by a team consisting of gastrointestinal surgeons, gastroenterologists, psychologists, and epidemiologic researchers. The draft questionnaire included 40 questions and 3 domains. A factor analysis was carried out to refine the items and subscale design. To assess the reliability, Cronbach's alpha and score distributions were estimated. To assess the criterion-related validity, the correlations with the Short Form (SF)-12, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), endoscopic findings, and nutritional indicators were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 344 patients were enrolled in this study. In an exploratory factor analysis (principal factor method), the eigenvalue attenuation data showed 4 domains. The final scale, named the Esophagus and Stomach Surgery Symptom Scale (ES4), included 23 items and 4 domains; 7 items for cervico-thoracic symptoms, 6 for abdominal hypersensitivity symptoms, 4 for abdominal distention symptoms, and 6 items for systemic symptoms. Cronbach's alphas for these domains were 0.82, 0.81, 0.79, and 0.74, respectively. The scale scores were normally distributed, and there were significant associations with the endoscopic findings, nutritional indicators, the summary score of the SF-12, and the GSRS.
CONCLUSIONS: The ES4 scale has high psychometric validity and can evaluate the profiles and severity of postoperative symptoms. This scale is applicable as an outcomes measure for various interventional studies on esophagogastric surgery aimed at alleviating postoperative symptoms. (C) 2014 by the American College of Surgeons

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.05.017

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

OBJECTIVES: Ascites markedly affects the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis; however, there is currently no scale to measure the symptoms of ascites. We developed a scale to measure ascites-specific symptoms according to psychometric procedures.
METHODS: A team consisting of specialists developed constructs representing the symptoms of ascites and question item pool. The constructs were verified in a qualitative study involving a small number of patients. The item pool was improved through a pilot study, and a prototype of the scale was prepared. To establish the scale and assess its properties, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 175 patients with ascites accompanied with cirrhosis.
RESULTS: On the basis of the results of factor analysis and item response theory-based analyses, seven items, covering a wide range of severities and diverse symptoms, were selected to comprise the final scale (Ascites Symptom Inventory-7; ASI-7). The ASI-7 had a unidimensional factorial structure and high reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96). The scale score was correlated with the degree of ascites evaluated by physicians, Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical functioning (PF), and SF-36 vitality (VT; P&lt;0.001 each), indicating the criterion validity. The responsiveness after treatment was demonstrated by the mean standardized response of 1.18. Moreover, responses in the scale score were correlated with those in the degree of ascites, body weight, SF-36 PF, and SF-36 VT, respectively (P&lt;0.001 each).
CONCLUSIONS: An ascites-specific symptom scale was developed and its reliability, validity, and responsiveness were demonstrated. This simple scale may be used for the evaluation of ascites treatment and monitoring of treatment responses in patients with ascites.

DOI： 10.1038/ctg.2013.20

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery  

<b>Purpose:</b> Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) has been widely accepted as one possible QOL scale to evaluate upper gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this study was to verify the validation of GSRS for postoperative disorder and QOL of upper gastrointestinal disease. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This cross sectional survey study was performed in 4 institutes from June to December 2012. The inclusion criteria were outpatients with digestive symptoms, 20 or over, be followed up more than 6 months and less than 5 years after surgery for gastric or esophageal carcinoma, no recurrence or other neoplastic disease. The descriptive statistics of GSRS subscales which consisted of reflux, abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation were evaluated. The SF-12 questionnaire was used to evaluate the criterion-related validity. The correlation between GSRS score and operative procedure, body mass index, serum albumin level or findings of gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed to evaluate the known-group validation. <b>Result:</b> Valid responses were collected from 325 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal surgery. All GSRS subscale scores showed strong floor effects; the distribution was biased near the bottom. The correlation coefficients between these subscales and 3 component summary scores of SF-12 were just less than 0.30 except for correlation of abdominal pain and the mental component score (0.314). The abdominal pain score in the low BMI (<18 kg/m²) group was significantly high, however, no correlation were seen in between other subscale scores and other indicators, including operative procedure, serum albumin level or findings of gastrointestinal endoscopy. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of GSRS for evaluation of postoperative patients was not validated in this study. GSRS score was not an appropriate outcome to evaluate postoperative disorder following upper gastrointestinal surgery.

DOI： 10.5833/jjgs.2013.0186

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014356407

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Purpose:In clinical ophthalmology as in other fields, measuring patient-reported outcomes imposes a burden on patients. To decrease that burden, we used item-response theory (IRT) to develop and test a short version of the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ).Methods:We analyzed VFQ data from 276 adults in Japan. Most of them had glaucoma, cataract, or macular degeneration. Their visual acuity (Snellen fraction) averaged 20/120 (range: 20/13 to 20/2000) for the better eye, and 20/200 (range: 20/13 to 20/2000) for the worse eye. We used a polytomous IRT model, the Generalized Partial Credit Model as implemented in software for parameter scaling of rating data (PARSCALE). To select items for inclusion in the short version we examined each item's location on the latent-trait continuum, its slope, and its frequency of missing data. We also ensured representation of all 7 domains that are important in Japan. To examine the characteristics of the resulting scale, we computed its test information (an index of precision that can vary with the value of the latent trait), and carried out validation testing.Results:From 32 of the original VFQ items, we selected 11. The scale comprising those 11 items (the VFQ-J11) had test information greater than 9 for values of the latent trait between -2.0 and +0.8. The item thresholds were well-targeted for patients with vision problems. Scores on the VFQ-J11 correlated strongly and in the expected direction with measures of visual field and corrected visual acuity. As expected for a valid measure, those scores also improved by a large amount (almost one standard deviation) after cataract surgery.Conclusion:This 11-item instrument can provide reliable and the valid data on visual functioning in patients with ophthalmic problems. It is expected to be less of a burden on respondents, while it maintains good psychometric properties. © 2013 Fukuhara et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0073084

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Background Few studies have examined the prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in the general population. The purposes of this study were to estimate the prevalence of LSS and to investigate correlated factors for LSS in Japan.
Methods A questionnaire survey was performed on 4,400 subjects selected from residents aged 40-79 years in Japan by stratified two-stage random sampling in 2010. The question items consisted of lower-limb symptoms suggestive of LSS, the diagnostic support tool for LSS (LSS-DST), demographic and lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities, the Japanese Perceived Stress Scale (JPSS), and the Mental Health Index 5 (MHI-5). Using the LSS-DST, the presence of LSS was predicted to estimate the prevalence of LSS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LSS and correlated factors.
Results Questionnaires were obtained from 2,666 subjects (60.6 %), consisting of 1,264 males (47.4 %). The mean (standard deviation) age was 60.0 (10.9) years. According to the LSS-DST, 153 subjects were regarded as having LSS. The prevalence was estimated to be 5.7 %. When standardizing this value with the age distribution of the Japanese population, it was estimated that 3,650,000 Japanese subjects aged 40-79 years might have LSS using the LSS-DST. Prevalence increased with age and was particularly high in subjects aged 70-79 years, irrespective of gender. As correlated factors, an advanced age (60 years or older), diabetes mellitus, urological disorders, and osteoarthritis/fracture as comorbidities, and depressive symptoms, were associated with LSS.
Conclusions This study elucidated the prevalence of LSS and factors associated with LSS in Japan. This is the first report describing the estimated prevalence of LSS and associated factors using a strictly sampled representative population.

DOI： 10.1007/s00776-013-0455-5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本脊椎脊髄病学会  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10112/7741

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.55.0_216

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2012&ichushi_jid=J00682&link_issn=&doc_id=20120626100003&doc_link_id=40019313290&url=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F40019313290&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本脊椎脊髄病学会  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10112/6794

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DOI： 10.1007/s00776-013-0482-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Study Design. A cross-sectional study.
Objective. We developed a reliable and valid instrument to measure symptom severity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
Summary of Background Data. Studies on LSS have investigated the efficacy of drug therapy compared with conservative therapy and surgery, examined predictive factors for therapeutic effects, and ascertained postoperative quality of life. However, patient background factors have varied among studies, making it difficult to compare findings across studies.
Methods. First, focus group interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Then, 189 patients with a diagnosis of LSS from 9 hospitals completed the LSS questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach a coefficient was calculated to test internal consistency. The criterion-related validity used pain, numbness, and walking capacity as external criteria. The test-retest reliability with an interval of 1 to 5 weeks was analyzed in 163 patients.
Results. Qualitative study extracted 10 domains and created a pool of 36 items. With factor analysis, items with factor loading less than 0.35 were excluded, and 25 items in 8 domains were selected. The Cronbach a of these items was 0.929. The coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.807. Pain, numbness, and walking capacity were significantly correlated with the scores of the LSS symptom scale.
Conclusion. A 25-item LSS symptom scale was developed, and its reliability and validity were confirmed.

DOI： 10.1097/brs.0b013e318216afb4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.54.0_478

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：埼玉大学教育学部  

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Rationale, aims and objectives We developed a novel Internet-based blended learning programme that allows busy health care professionals to attain core competency in clinical research. This study details the educational strategies and learning outcomes of the programme. Method This study was conducted at Kyoto University and seven satellite campuses from September 2009 to March 2010. A total of 176 health care professionals who had never attempted to attain core competency in clinical research were enrolled. The participants were supplied with a novel programme comprising the following four strategies: online live lectures at seven satellite campuses, short examinations after each lecture, an Internet-based feedback system and an end-of-course examination. We assessed the proportion of attendance at the lectures as the main outcome. In addition, we evaluated interaction via the feedback system and scores for end-of-course examination. Results Of the 176 participants, 134 (76%) reported working more than 40 hours per week. The mean proportion of attendance over all 23 lectures was 82%. A total of 156 (89%) participants attended more than 60% of all lectures and were eligible for the end-of-course examination. A total of the participants accessed the feedback system 3564 times and asked 284 questions. No statistically significant differences were noted in the end-of-course scores among medical doctors, pharmacists, registered nurses and other occupations. Conclusions We developed an Internet-based blended learning programme providing core competency in clinical research. Most busy health care professionals completed the programme successfully. In addition, the participants could attain the core competency effectively, regardless of their occupation. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01808.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Study Design. A cross-sectional study.
Objective. To develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure quality of life (QOL) specifically targeting patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
Summary of Background Data. Studies on LSS have investigated the effectiveness of various types of treatments using health-related QOL. However, patients with LSS have various symptoms, and these symptoms change with posture, typical activities of daily living, etc. Thus, an LSS-specific scale to measure QOL is needed.
Methods. We postulated 7 subdomains for LSS-specific QOL and accordingly, item pool was developed, focus group interviews of patients with LSS and qualitative analysis were conducted, resulting in preliminary version of QOL scale. Then, 189 patients with a diagnosis of LSS completed this preliminary version. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factorial validity. Cronbach alpha coefficient and the test-retest method were used to assess the reliability. The criterion-based validity was determined using walking capacity, recommended treatment level judged by orthopedists, and LSS symptom scale scores.
Results. Qualitative study confirmed the 7 domains but showed needs of addition and deletion of some items, resulting in 31 items. With factor analysis, after exclusion of 3 items, the remaining 28 items demonstrated strong unidimensionality. Cronbach alpha was 0.96. The coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.86. Walking capacity, recommended treatment level, and LSS symptom scale scores were significantly correlated with the QOL scale scores.
Conclusion. A 28-item QOL scale specifically targeting patients with LSS was developed, and its reliability and validity were confirmed.

DOI： 10.1097/brs.0b013e31821fd4b1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO  

The quality of recovery score QoR-40 is a recovery-specific and patient-rated questionnaire to assess the early postoperative health status of patients. However, the Japanese version of the QoR40 has not been established. The aim of this study was to validate the quality of recovery 40 Japanese version (the QoR-40J) according to the methods adopted by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) project.
After obtaining ethics committee approval and consent, 192 general and otological surgical patients were studied. The QoR-40J was used to measure postoperative health status on day 3 and 1 month after surgery. The level of quality of life was also evaluated using a general, health-related quality of life questionnaire (Short-Form Health Survey-36 sub-scales; SF-36), at 1 month after the surgery. Psychometric analysis including the following properties: test-retest reliability, internal consistency, predictive validity, and measurement of responsiveness, was performed to validate the QoR-40J.
Test-retest reliability (Spearman&apos;s correlation coefficient) and internal consistency (Cronbach&apos;s alpha) of the QoR-40J were 0.887 and 0.91, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the total QoR-40J score and duration of hospitalization (r = -0.291) and between the global QoR-40J score and postoperative scores of the SF-36 sub-scales (physical function, rho = 0.287; vital score, rho = 0.349). The standardized mean of the QoR-40J, a measurement of responsiveness, was 0.70.
The results of the psychometric analysis indicated that the QoR-40J has characteristics of acceptable validity, reliability, and responsiveness in clinical practice in Japan. The QoR-40J may aid in evaluating the quality of recovery after surgery or the quality of methods of anesthesia.

DOI： 10.1007/s00540-011-1151-2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1405101871

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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We developed the Brief Scale for Psychiatric problems in Orthopaedic Patients (BS-POP) (doctor and patient versions). The present study aimed to proactively verify the factorial validity, internal consistency, criterion-related validity and reproducibility of the BS-POP with regard to chronic low back pain patients.
Subjects comprised 193 chronic low back pain patients. During the first test, the BS-POP, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Profile of Mood States (POMS) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36 v2) were conducted. In the second test, patients were asked to complete the BS-POP in order to verify BS-POP reproducibility.
Factor analysis demonstrated the factorial validity of the BS-POP, including 1-factor structure. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach&apos;s alpha reliability coefficients of 0.794 (doctor version) and 0.750 (patient version). Criterion-related validity was confirmed through association with the psychosocial factors of the SF-36, the MMPI, and the POMS. The correlation coefficients for the retests were r = 0.654 (doctor version) and r = 0.719 (patient version), showing reproducibility.
The present findings indicate that the BS-POP possesses sufficient reliability regarding computational psychology. The BS-POP constitutes a tool enabling orthopaedists themselves to easily identify psychiatric problems in orthopaedic patients. Further study is required regarding responsiveness.

DOI： 10.1007/s00776-010-0012-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Aims: AST-120, an oral adsorbent currently on-label only in Asian countries with phase III trials ongoing in the US, slows renal disease progression in patients with diabetes and advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using AST-120 to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced-stage CKD.
Methods: We used Markov model simulating the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Data were obtained from randomized trials estimating the progression of diabetic nephropathy with and without AST-120, and published literature. The base population was patients 60 years of age with type 2 diabetes and Stages 3 and 4 CKD.
Results: Treating patients with diabetes and advanced-stage CKD was found to be a dominant strategy, and quality of life improved further and more money was saved (0.22 quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] and $15,019 per patient) using AST-120 than the control strategy. Sensitivity analysis results were robust with regard to cost, adherence, and quality of life associated with AST-120 therapy, as well as age at diagnosis. The model was relatively sensitive to the effectiveness of AST-120.
Conclusions: Treating patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced-stage CKD with AST-120 appears to extend life and reduce costs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.07.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background: Pre-dialysis early referral is associated with improved survival in patients on dialysis. Here, we examined the association between pre-dialysis early referral and post-dialysis Mental Health (MH) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: We examined data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), a prospective and observational study of hemodialysis patients, by performing a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of DOPPS data from Japan. The outcome measure was analyzed from the MH subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Item Health Survey. Predictors of mean MH were identified using analysis of covariance. The variables evaluated in the multivariate models included age, sex, duration of dialysis and diabetes. Results: A total of 552 patients under hemodialysis participated in the study, with a late referral prevalence of 34.2% (189/552). The estimated mean MH score was 60.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.5-63.8) and 65.6 (95% CI 63.2-68.1) in late and early referrals, respectively. A statistically significant difference in mean MH score of 4.9 was observed between late and early referral groups (p = 0.01). The mean MH score for late referral was significantly lower than that for early referral in the 6-12 and 12-18 month groups. Conclusions: Pre-dialysis early referral is a modifiable and important factor and is associated with improved MH of post-dialysis patients. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000232601

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Background: The carbonaceous oral adsorbent AST-120 slows the deterioration of kidney function in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, information about AST-120 in patients with less severe stages of CKD is lacking.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Setting & Participants: 75 medical facilities, 460 patients with CKD with serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations less than 5.0 mg/dL (not undergoing dialysis).
Intervention: Random assignment to either a low-protein diet and anti hypertensive medication in the control group or that treatment combined with AST-120 (6 g/d).
Outcomes & Measurements: Composite primary end point: doubling of sCr level, increase in sCr level to 6.0 mg/dL or more, need for dialysis or transplantation, or death. Secondary outcomes: adverse events and changes in estimated creatinine clearance (CCr) rate, proteinuria (protein in milligrams per day), and quality of life.
Results: Mean sCr level was 2.66 mg/dL and estimated CCr was 22.4 mL/min in both groups. During 56 weeks, numbers of primary end-point events (43 for control versus 42 for AST-120) and event-free survival (P = 0.9) did not differ between groups. Gastrointestinal adverse events were less common in the control group than the AST-120 group (2 versus 32 events). Estimated CCr decreased more in the control group than in the AST-120 group (-0.15 versus -0.12 mL/min/y; P = 0.001). Median proteinuria changed from protein of 1,162 to 1,167 mg/d in the control group versus 1,102 to 906 mg/d in the AST-120 group (P = 0.2).
Limitation: Infrequent primary end-point events.
Conclusion: AST-120 did not substantially slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with moderate to severe CKD during 1 year. Am J Kidney Dis 54:459-467. (C) 2009 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

DOI： 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.05.011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: Various Japanese versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) have been used, but none was developed via standard procedures. Here we report on the construction and testing of the developer-authorized Japanese version of the ESS (JESS).
Methods: Developing the JESS involved translations, back translations, a pilot study, and psychometric testing. We identified questions in the ESS that were difficult to answer or were inappropriate in Japan, proposed possible replacements for those questions, and tested them with analyses based on item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory. The subjects were healthy people and patients with narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Results: We identified two of our proposed questions as appropriate replacements for two problematic questions in the ESS. The JESS had very few missing data. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were high. The patients had significantly higher JESS scores than did the healthy people, and higher JESS scores were associated with worse daytime function, as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Conclusions.-In Japan, the JESS provides reliable and valid information on daytime sleepiness. Researchers who use the ESS with other populations should combine their knowledge of local conditions with the results of psychometric tests. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.04.015

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: Various Japanese versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) have been used, but none was developed via standard procedures. Here we report on the construction and testing of the developer-authorized Japanese version of the ESS (JESS).
Methods: Developing the JESS involved translations, back translations, a pilot study, and psychometric testing. We identified questions in the ESS that were difficult to answer or were inappropriate in Japan, proposed possible replacements for those questions, and tested them with analyses based on item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory. The subjects were healthy people and patients with narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Results: We identified two of our proposed questions as appropriate replacements for two problematic questions in the ESS. The JESS had very few missing data. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were high. The patients had significantly higher JESS scores than did the healthy people, and higher JESS scores were associated with worse daytime function, as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Conclusions.-In Japan, the JESS provides reliable and valid information on daytime sleepiness. Researchers who use the ESS with other populations should combine their knowledge of local conditions with the results of psychometric tests. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.04.015

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5918

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Background: The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) scale items are answered in a two-step process, but the justification is questioned for the formulation of summary measure by combining information rated in two steps. Purpose: To examine whether the basic prerequisites of the ERI scales are empirically satisfied and to seek ways to improve the rating procedure. Methods: A polytonious item response theory (IRT) model was applied to the responses of 20,256 workers who completed the ERI scales. To determine the most appropriate statistical justification, three alternative scoring algorithms were compared with regard to the test properties revealed by the IRT analyses and efficiencies of screening performance and criterion validity against depressive syrnptoniatology. Results: The rated raw-score units did not reflect the hypothesized order of lowest stress levels to highest stress levels. Exchanging or collapsing the lowest two categories of a Likert scaled item, where data of different quality are combined, solved this problem, thereby making the test content more appropriate. The modified rating improved the efficiencies of screening performance and the correlation of the stress summary measures against health criterion, i.e., depression. Conclusion: An avoidable measurement error exists in the current ERI scales. Modifying the rating procedure can improve the measurement accuracy.

DOI： 10.1080/10705500801929718

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：中部大学  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_406

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We examined the association between the health-related quality of life (HQOL) of individuals and recycling-related proenvironmental behavior using the SF-8 Health Survey (SF-8). A self-administered questionnaire that included the SF-8 and three items on proenvironmental behaviors was distributed to 2,400 individuals aged 15 years or older who had been selected from the entire population of Japan. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios of having the proenvironmental behavior of "separating empty metal cans, empty glass bottles, and used paper for recycling from other trash" and "separating empty plastic food containers for recycling from other trash" for each 10-point increase in the physical summary component score of the SF-8 were 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.52) and 1.25 (1.01-1.52), respectively. HQOL was associated with recycling-related proenvironmental behavior. © 2006 by Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2007.00007.x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_410

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_416

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Total pages：402   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：ix, 191p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：xiii, 344p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：v, 131p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：xii, 386p   Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.53.0_533

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.53.0_449

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.53.0_379

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

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Language：English   Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_1PM113

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_WS080

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_1PM116

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_1PM115

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_1PM112

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_1PM114

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本腎臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

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DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.48.0_96

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DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.47.0_594

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.47.0_572

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Psychological Association  

This study aimed to assess the distance between adjacent categories of rating scales. It is common practice to treat ordinal variables as interval-scaled variables in the analysis of rating scales. Strictly speaking, however, ordinal scale data should be treated as such, since there is little reason and assurance that they are equivalent to interval variables. In view of this practice, this study proposes a method to assess the interval of rating scales, and analyzes empirical data in order to examine the results obtained by the method. This method is based upon the generalized partial credit model which is one of item response theory (IRT) models. The experiment was carried out on two data sets that differed only on the verbal phrasing of the rating. Main results of the study were: 1) the difference in item content (positive or negative) affects the width of a neutral category
and 2) the distance between categories differs significantly reflecting the difference in verbal phrasing.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.75.331

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：名古屋大学  

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

DOI： 10.18999/nupsych.50.366

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Nagoya University  

The purpose of this study was to compare the methods of detecting differential item functioning (DIF). We compared the parametric method which is executed by DIF command in BILOG-MG, and nonparametric method which is executed by SIBTEST. In the first study, we researched by simulation data. When the ratio with DIF item to all the items exceeds 50%, it was difficult to detect DIF correctly in both procedures. In second study, the real data, which is used scale for acquisition of Japanese word meanings, was researched. In both BILOG-MG and SIBTEST, the results of detection of DIF were approximately similar. However, estimated location parameters in BILOG-MG were very extreme, because latent distributional differences were very large between reference group and focal group.

DOI： 10.18999/nupsych.50.83

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3175

Language：Japanese   Publisher：名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科心理発達科学専攻「心理発達科学論集」編集委員会  

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