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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Fe-C-Ta-Cr-Ni alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 mu m made by argon atomization was low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce high Cr-Ni cast iron base deposits with finely dispersed tantalum carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate consisted of gamma Fe, alpha Fe and carbide. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.1 mu m in the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate were carbides. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsened. The hardness of deposit decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature. The wear resistance of as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate was higher than that of the deposit heat-treated at 1273 K. The as-sprayed deposit and deposit heat-treated at 1273 K had higher wear resistance than a commercial stainless steel.

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.782.563

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA  

Spray material is heated, melted, and accelerated by a high temperature flame in the plasma spraying process. Low-pressure plasma spraying can produce rapidly solidified thick materials because alloy droplets accumulate successively on the substrate, and solidify at a cooling rate in the range of 10(5)-10(8) ks(-1). Depending on the cooling conditions of the substrate and on the alloy composition, deposits can be produced as metastable phases or extremely fine crystalline phases. Plasma spraying is an attractive method for the production of deposits with in-situ formed fine particles. In recent years, much attention has been paid to high Cr-Ni cast iron with vanadium carbide, which is attractive for use in metal molds and pump parts, due to its high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. In the present work, high Cr-Ni cast iron alloy powder was low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce high Cr-Ni cast iron base alloy deposits with finely dispersed zirconium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate was composed of gamma Fe, alpha Fe, ZrC and Cr7C3. The fine precipitates in the as-sprayed deposit were carbide. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsened. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate had higher hardness than the heat-treated deposits. The wear resistance of deposit decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate and heat-treated deposits had higher wear resistance than commercial stainless steel. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.10.019

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Mechanism of the Ag nanoparticle codeposition in Sn/Ag-nanoparticle composite plating was studied using a rotating disk electrode. The bath chemistry of the Ag-nanoparticle/Sn2+-pyrophosphate colloidal solutions and the kinetics of the Sn matrix deposition were also discussed. The dialysis experiments of the plating baths showed that the composition of the Ag nanoparticles were stoichiometric, AgSn0.54+(NP), and that their structure was Ag core/Sn4+-pyrophosphate complex shell type. The current density-potential relationships of the Sn matrix deposition showed a two-step features. The first current plateau at around -1.4V vs. Ag/AgCl was related to the diffusion limited current of SnP2O72-. The Ag codeposition rate was controlled by Tafel kinetics and reached the diffusion limited values, showing that the codeposition rate of the AgSn0.54+(NP) is controlled by electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical kinetic parameters and the diffusion coefficient of the AgSn0.54+(NP) were estimated by fitting the experimental data to the Tafel equation taking into account the concentration of the electroactive species at the cathode. The diameter of the AgSn0.54+(NP) was calculated to be 4.2 nm by substituting the diffusion coefficient estimated here into the Einstein-Stokes equation. The diameter was agreed with the results from the transmission electron microscope examination and the small angle X-ray scattering analysis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.098

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN INST METALS  

In this study, a duplex chromizing-siliconizing coating was produced on heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel by pack cementation. The chromizing-siliconizing of the duplex chromosiliconized coating was evaluated in 873 K hot steam for 3.6 x 10(3) ks, and the oxidized as well as the coated samples were characterized. A duplex chromosiliconizing coating has been successfully applied to heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel by pack cementation. This coating containing Cr and Si can effectively improve the oxidation resistance of heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel in 873 K hot steam for 3.6 x 10(3) ks. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2011396]

DOI： 10.2320/matertrans.M2011396

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA  

In plasma spraying process, spray material is heated, melted and accelerated by a high temperature flame. Low-pressure plasma spraying can produce rapidly solidified thick materials because alloy droplets accumulate successively on the substrate, and solidify at a cooling rate in the range of 10(5)-10(8) ks(-1). Depending on the cooling conditions of the substrate and on the alloy composition, deposits can be produced as metastable phases or extremely fine crystalline phases. Plasma spraying is an attractive method for the production of deposits with in-situ formed fine particles. In recent years, much attention has been paid to stainless cast iron with vanadium carbide, which is attractive for use in metal molds and pump parts, due to its high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. In the present work, stainless cast iron alloy powder was low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce stainless cast iron base alloy deposits with finely dispersed niobium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit and deposits obtained by heat treatment of the as-sprayed deposit had niobium carbide particles. The carbide particles in the as-sprayed deposit produced on a water-cooled substrate were finer than that in the as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsened. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate had higher hardness than the heat-treated deposits. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.114

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Fe-C-Ti-Cr-Ni alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 am made by argon atomization is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce stainless cast iron base deposits with finely dispersed titanium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate consists of gamma Fe, alpha Fe, TiC and Cr3C2. Heat treatment of the as-sprayed deposit above 873 K results in the formation of Cr7C3. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.2 mu m in the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate are carbide. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate and deposits which are obtained by heat treatment of the as-sprayed deposit are composed of gamma Fe, alpha Fe, TIC, Cr3C2 and Cr7C3. As heat treatment temperature increases, carbide precipitates coarsen. The hardness of deposit decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature. The wear resistance of as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate was higher than that of the deposit heat-treated at 1273 K. The as-sprayed deposit and deposit heat-treated at 1273 K have higher wear resistance than a commercial stainless steel.

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.1888

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD  

In the thermal spraying process, spray material is heated, melted, and accelerated by a high temperature flame. Thermal spraying can produce thick materials that rapidly solidify, because the alloy droplets accumulate successively on the substrate and solidify at a cooling rate in the range of 10(5)-10(8)Ks(-1) Depending on the cooling conditions of the substrate and on the alloy composition, deposits are produced with metastable phases or extremely fine crystalline phases. Thermal spraying is an attractive method for the production of composite deposits with fine particles formed in-situ. In particular, iron based alloy with vanadium carbide, is useful in metal molds and also in pump parts due to its high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. In the present work, low-pressure plasma spraying of Fe-C-V/Ni-Mg and Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg blend powders were iron based composite deposits with finely dispersed vanadium carbide particles The as-sprayed deposit produced from Fe-C-V/Ni-Mg blend powder is composed of alpha Fe and V8C7. The as-sprayed deposit produced from Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg blend powder is made up of gamma Fe, alpha Fe, V8C7 and Cr7C3. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.3 mu m in the as-sprayed deposit are carbide. With increasing the heat-treatment temperature up to 1273K, the carbide particles coarsen The hardness of as-sprayed deposit produced from the Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg, which has many fine carbide precipitates, is the hardest of the deposits

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.841

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC  

Ag nanoparticles were adsorbed onto epoxy and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by dipping them into a Ag nanoparticle colloidal solution to catalyze the substrate for electroless Cu plating. Before the Ag nanoparticle adsorption, the substrates were conditioned with either a cationic surfactant, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC), or a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), both having quaternary amine headgroups. The adsorbed Ag nanoparticles catalyzed the HCHO oxidation reaction, thereby allowing the electroless Cu deposition reaction to start. For both the epoxy and the FTO glass substrates, conditioning with the concentrated PDDA solution having a 100x10(-3) mol L(-1) quaternary amine concentration was the most effective in producing the largest amounts of Ag nanoparticles to be adsorbed and in providing the fastest initial deposition rate of the electroless Cu plating. When the diluted conditioners were used, a comparison between the diluted STAC and PDDA showed that STAC was the more effective conditioner for the epoxy substrates, while PDDA was more effective for the FTO glass substrates. The effectiveness of STAC was attributed to the strong hydrophobic interaction with the epoxy substrate surface. However, the effectiveness of PDDA was attributed to the strong electrostatic interaction with the FTO glass surface.

DOI： 10.1149/1.3306025

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH  

Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni alloy powder is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce rapidly solidified alloy deposits based on a stainless cast iron with finely dispersed vanadium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit is made up of gamma Fe, alpha Fe, V(8)C(7), and Cr(7)C(3). The fine precipitates of about 0.4 mu m in the as-sprayed deposit are carbide. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsen. The as-sprayed deposit has finer vanadium carbide than that of the Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni cast. With increasing heat treatment temperature above 1073 K, the coarsening of the vanadium and chromium carbide precipitates and elimination of saturation of matrix with vanadium, chromium, and carbon in the deposit result in the decrease in hardness of the Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni deposit.

DOI： 10.1002/ppap.200932403

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH  

Fe-C-V alloy powder is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce iron base composite deposits with finely dispersed vanadium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate is composed of a phase that is saturated with vanadium and carbon, V(8)C(7) and amorphous. The form of vanadium carbides in the as-sprayed deposit shows more granular compared with that in the cast whose chemical compositions are similar to that of deposit. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K and heat treatment time up to 7.2 ks, the carbide particles coarsen. The constituents of the as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate are alpha and V(8)C(7). The hardness of deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate is higher than that of deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate.

DOI： 10.1002/ppap.200930106

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Thermal spraying can produce rapidly solidified thick layers, because the droplets that accumulate on the substrate experience cooling rates of 10 5-108 K s-1. It is thus an attractive method to produce composite deposits containing fine particles formed in situ. In the present work, Co-1·5C, Co-1·5C-14Cr and Co-1·5C-29Cr (wt-%) alloy powders produced by argon atomisation were low-pressure plasma sprayed onto water cooled or uncooled substrates. The as sprayed Co-1·5C deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate consists of a metastable β-Co phase, supersaturated with carbon due to the high cooling rate. Heat treatment at &gt
673 K led to the formation of α-Co and graphite. The deposit heat treated at 1073 K contained graphite particles ∼0·8 μm in size. At higher treatment temperatures, coarsening of graphite and the elimination of carbon supersaturation result in lower hardness. As-sprayed Co-1·5C deposit on uncooled substrates consisted of β-Co, α-Co and graphite. As-sprayed deposit of Co-1 ·5C-14Cr and Co-1·5C-29Cr powders on uncooled substrates consisted of β-Co, α-Co, Cr3C 2, Cr7C3 and graphite. The fine (0·5 μm) precipitates in the as-sprayed Co-1·5C-14Cr deposit on uncooled substrates were identified as chromium carbide. As-sprayed Co-1·5C-29Cr deposits on uncooled substrates contained many precipitates ∼0·6 μm in size and showed the highest microhardness of ∼600 HV (2·94 N). © 2008 IHTSE Partnership Published by Maney on behalf of the Partnership.

DOI： 10.1179/174951508X441975

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Ni-1.5 wt.% C, Ni-1.5 wt.%C-14 wt.%Cr, and Ni-1.5 wt.%C-29 wt.%Cr alloy powders were low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce nickel-base composite deposits with dispersed carbide particles. The constituent of the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate from the Ni-1.5 wt.%C alloy powder is a nickel phase that is supersaturated with carbon. The deposit heat-treated at 673 K in vacuum consists of a nickel phase, nickel carbide, and graphite. In the case of the Ni-1.5 wt.%C-14 wt.%Cr alloy powder, the as-sprayed deposit produced on a water-cooled substrate is made up of a nickel phase that is supersaturated with chromium and carbon, and subsequent heat-treatment of the deposit leads to the formation of chromium carbide and graphite. When them non-cooled substrate is used, the as-sprayed deposit consists of a nickel phase, chromium carbide, and graphite. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate from the Ni-1.5 wt.%C-29 wt.%Cr alloy powder is composed of a nickel phase, chromium carbide, and graphite.

DOI： 10.1007/s11666-007-9056-1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Authors have reported theses concerning the cast defect for publication in journal of Japanese Foundry Engineering Society and AFS Transactions. This is a review of these reports. There are various factors in the casting defect that occurs in the article of casting metal, and specific of the generation factor is difficult. Moreover, it is necessary to decrease the casting defect to reduce the cost of goods manufactured and energy of production. It is effective to the evaluation and the classification method of the casting defect to employ Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersion Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA). Casting defects chose the one that the incidence was high and specific of the generation factor is difficult, and the pinhole defect and inclusion defects were classified according to the generation factor, and penetration defect showed the relation of physical factor, chemical factor, and those interactions, and examined whether specific of the factor was possible by the surface analysis equipment about other defects (Blow hole, Shrinkage, Orange peel, Cold shut, Cracks and Veining).

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Fe-B-Cr alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 mu m made by argon atomization is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce a rapidly solidified iron base composite deposit with finely dispersed boride particles. The constituents of the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate are a phase and amorphous phase that are supersaturated with chromium and boron due to high cooling rate during solidification of the melt. Heat treatment of deposit at 873K leads to decomposition of the amorphous phase, resulting in the formation of Fe3B. The deposit heat treated above 1073K is composed of a phase and (Fe,Cr)(2)B. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate consists of a phase and (Fe,Cr)(2)B. The fine precipitates of about 0.1 mu m in the as-sprayed deposit coated on a non-cooled substrate are boride. As deposit temperature increases, the coarsening of the precipitate particles results in lowered hardness of deposits.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Elsevier  

This chapter produces titanium aluminide matrix composites with finely depressed particles by reactive plasma spraying of composite powders. Ti-Al-N and Ti-Al-AlN powders are low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce rapidly solidified titanium aluminide matrix composite deposits with freely dispersed nitride particles. Titanium aluminide are attractive for use in advanced propulsion systems for aircraft and also in automobile engine parts due to their low density, high temperature strength, and good oxidation resistance. However these compounds have low workability in the conventional rolling process because titanium aluminides have low ductility at low temperatures. Consequently, the fabrication method of titanium aluminides is an important subject for practical application of these materials. One of the new production process for titanium aluminides is thermal spraying, in which spray material is healed, melted and accelerated by a high temperature flame. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/B978-008044504-5/50092-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Foundry Engineering Society  

  In the evaporative pattern casting process, casting defects occur depending on the properties of the foam pattern itself and the coating material. In particular, the permeability of the coat strongly affects product quality. However, there are some difficulties in improving casting defects caused by the permeability because there exists no appropriate evaluating method for hot permeability. We propose a new convenient method for the high precision measurement of coating permeability from room temperature to elevated temperature (hot permeability) using a suction type permeability tester. Remarkable difference in the hot permeability of the coat is found even if the room temperature permeability of coat is the same. Additionally the nature of hot permeability of the coat is classified into three types, they are decrement in permeability, constant, and increase from room temperature. Evaluation of casting based on the hot permeability data obtained by this method in the actual production site reveals a slight influence on the pouring rate. Measurement of the hot permeability of coating should therefore be useful for preventing casting defects.

DOI： 10.11279/jfes.76.844

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10112/5805

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Foundry Engineering Society  

  Fe-B composite powder was produced by spray-dry of elemental iron and boron powders. Fe-ZrB₂ composite powder was made by the ball-milling of elemental iron and ZrB₂ powders. These powders were plasma-sprayed in low-pressure argon atmosphere to produce iron matrix composite deposits with dispersed boride particles. As-sprayed deposits formed using Fe-B composite powder are composed of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phase supersaturated with boron due to the high cooling rate of molten particles on a substrate. Heat treatment of deposits at 673 K leads to the formation of Fe₃B. The deposit heat treated at 1073 K is made up of α, Fe₂B, and FeB. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1073 K, the hardness of the deposits decreases. The as-sprayed deposits produced using the Fe-ZrB₂ composite powder were composed of α, Fe₂B and Fe₃Zr. Heat treatment of the deposits at 1073 K results in the formation of FeB. The hardness of the deposit drops after heat treatment at 1073 K.

DOI： 10.11279/jfes.75.311

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10112/5796

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